CHAPTER 4.7: CONTROL OF MOTORS

Example 4.7.1, Page number 798

In [1]:
#Variable declaration
no = 2.0         #Number of motors
V_m = 48.0       #Uniform speed(kmph)
t = 30.0         #Time(sec)
F_t_m = 13350.0  #Average tractive effort per motor(N)

#Calculation
F_t = no*F_t_m                  #Average tractive effort(N)
energy = t*F_t*V_m/(2*3600**2)  #Useful energy for acceleration(kWh)
energy_loss = energy/no         #Approximate loss of energy in starting rheostats(kWh)

#Result
print('Approximate loss of energy in starting rheostats = %.3f kWh' %energy_loss)
Approximate loss of energy in starting rheostats = 0.742 kWh

Example 4.7.2, Page number 798

In [1]:
#Variable declaration
W = 175.0        #Weight of multiple unit train(tonnes)
no = 6.0         #Number of motors
F_t = 69000.0    #Total tractive effort(N)
V = 600.0        #Line voltage(V)
I = 200.0        #Average current(A)
V_m = 38.6       #Speed(kmph)
R = 0.15         #Resistance of each motor(ohm)

#Calculation
alpha = F_t/(277.8*W)                             #Acceleration(km phps)
T = V_m/alpha                                     #Time for acceleration(sec)
t_s = (V-2*I*R)*T/(2*(V-I*R))                     #Duration of starting period(sec)
t_p = T-t_s                                       #(sec)
energy_total_series = no/2*V*I*t_s                #Total energy supplied in series position(watt-sec)
energy_total_parallel = no*V*I*t_p                #Total energy supplied in parallel position(watt-sec)
total_energy = (energy_total_series+energy_total_parallel)/(1000*3600)         #Energy supplied during starting period(kWh)
energy_waste_series = (no/2)/2*(V-2*I*R)*I*t_s    #Energy wasted in starting resistance in series position(watt-sec)
energy_waste_parallel = no*(V/2)/2*I*t_p          #Energy wasted in starting resistance in parallel position(watt-sec)
total_energy_waste = (energy_waste_series+energy_waste_parallel)/(1000*3600)   #Total energy wasted in starting resistance(kWh)
energy_lost = (no*I**2*R*T)/(1000*3600)           #Energy lost in motor resistance(kWh)
useful_energy = T*F_t*V_m/(2*3600**2)             #Useful energy supplied to train(kWh)

#Result
print('Energy supplied during the starting period = %.2f kWh' %total_energy)
print('Energy lost in the starting resistance = %.1f kWh' %total_energy_waste)
print('Useful energy supplied to the train = %.1f kWh' %useful_energy)
Energy supplied during the starting period = 4.15 kWh
Energy lost in the starting resistance = 1.3 kWh
Useful energy supplied to the train = 2.8 kWh

Example 4.7.3, Page number 799

In [1]:
#Variable declaration
W = 132.0          #Weight of electric train(tonnes)
no = 4.0           #Number of motors
V = 600.0          #Voltage of motor(V)
I = 400.0          #Current per motor(A)
F_t_m = 19270.0    #Tractive effort per motor at 400A & 600V(N)
V_m = 39.0         #Train speed(kmph)
G = 1.0            #Gradient
r = 44.5           #Resistance to traction(N/tonne)
inertia = 10.0     #Rotational inertia(%)
R = 0.1            #Resistance of each motor(ohm)

#Calculation
W_e = W*(100+inertia)/100                              #Accelerating weight of train(tonne)
F_t = F_t_m*no                                         #Total tractive effort at 400A & 600V(N)
alpha = (F_t-W*r-98.1*W*G)/(277.8*W_e)                 #Acceleration(km phps)
T = V_m/alpha                                          #Time for acceleration(sec)
t_s = (V-2*I*R)*T/(2*(V-I*R))                          #Duration of starting period(sec)
V_transition = alpha*t_s                               #Speed at transition(km phps)
t_p = T-t_s                                            #(sec)
loss_series = (no/2*((V-2*I*R)/2)*I*t_s)/(1000*3600)   #Energy lost during series period(kWh)
loss_parallel = (no*(V/2)/2*I*t_p)/(1000*3600)         #Energy lost during parallel period(kWh)

#Result
print('Case(i)  : Duration of starting period, t_s = %.1f sec' %t_s)
print('Case(ii) : Speed of train at transition, αt = %.1f sec' %V_transition)
print('Case(iii): Case(a): Rheostatic losses during series starting = %.2f kWh' %loss_series)
print('           Case(b): Rheostatic losses during parallel starting = %.2f kWh' %loss_parallel)
print('\nNOTE: ERROR: Calculation mistakes in the textbook solution')
Case(i)  : Duration of starting period, t_s = 12.5 sec
Case(ii) : Speed of train at transition, αt = 18.1 sec
Case(iii): Case(a): Rheostatic losses during series starting = 0.72 kWh
           Case(b): Rheostatic losses during parallel starting = 0.96 kWh

NOTE: ERROR: Calculation mistakes in the textbook solution