Chapter 14: Combustion Processes First law analysis

Exa 14.1

In [1]:
#Find the theoretical air for combustion of octane to CO2 and H2O
#initialisation of variables
M= 114 								#lb
Mo= 32 								#lb
Mn= 28 								#lb
Mc= 44 								#lb
Mw= 18 								#lb
#CALCULATIONS
Ma= (12.5*Mo+(12.5)*(79./21.)*Mn)/114. #theoretical air
#RESULTS
print '%s %.2f' %('Theoretical air for combustion (lb air per lb C8H18) = ',Ma)
raw_input('press enter key to exit')
Theoretical air for combustion (lb air per lb C8H18) =  15.06
press enter key to exit
Out[1]:
''

Exa 14.4

In [3]:
#Fuel oil containing 86 percent of carbon and 14 percent hydrogen by mass is to
#be burned with 10% excess air. (b) If the pressure is 15 psia. What is the dew
# point of the products? (c)If the products are cooled to 100 F at 15 psia how
#much liquid water will condense per pound of fuel burned?
#Initialization of variables
MW=18. 				#gm/mol
MCO2=44. 			#gm/mol
MN2=28. 			#gm/mol
MO2=32. 			#gm/mol
P=15. 				#psia
#calculations
xw=(0.074/MW)/(0.184/MCO2 + 0.074/MW + 0.02/MO2 + 0.722/MN2)
Pw=xw*P
print '%s' %("Part b")
print '%s' %("\n From steam tables")
T=121.6 			#F
print '%s %.2f' %('\n Partial pressure of water (psia) = ',Pw)
print '%s %.2f' %('\n Dew point at the pressure (F) = ',T)
print '%s' %("\n Part c")
pw2=0.9492 			#Pressure
xw2=pw2/P
y = MW*(0.0346*xw2/(1-xw2))
diff=0.074-y
lb=17.15 			#lb/ lbm of products
w=lb*diff
print '%s %.2f' %('\n Partial pressure of water (psia) = ',pw2)
print '%s %.2f' %('\n The liquid water formed per pound of the fuel is (lb) ',w)
Part b

 From steam tables

 Partial pressure of water (psia) =  1.78

 Dew point at the pressure (F) =  121.60

 Part c

 Partial pressure of water (psia) =  0.95

 The liquid water formed per pound of the fuel is (lb)  0.55

Exa 14.5

In [ ]:
#The internal energy of reaction for burning carbon to CO2 at 68F is  -14087 . 
#Find the heat trasnferred when a system composed of 1 lb of C and 4 lb of O2
#at 300 C burns at constant volume at a final temp of 1000 F . Cp=0.17
#initialisation of variables
mO2=1.33 										#lb
mCO2=3.67 										#lb
CvO2=0.155 										#Btu/lb F
CvCO2=0.165 									#Btu/lb F
Cc=0.170 										#Btu/lb F
t2=1000. 										#F
tB=68. 											#F
t=300. 											#F
mC=1
mO=4
#Calculations
deltaE1=mO2*CvO2*(t2-tB) + mCO2*CvCO2*(t2-tB)	#Energy change
deltaE2=mC*Cc*(tB-t) + mO*CvO2*(tB-t) 			#Energy change
E= -14087 										#Btu 
Q=deltaE1+E+deltaE2								#Heat transfer
#Results
print '%s %.2f' %('Heat Transfer from the system (Btu) =',Q)
raw_input('press enter key to exit')
Heat Transfer from the system (Btu) = -13513.78

Exa 14.6

In [1]:
#Given the reaction for burning of CO and the Cp=4344. Find the Cv?
#initialisation of variables
HV=4344 			#Btu/lb
m=56 				#lb
R=1.986 			#Btu/lb mol R
Tb=530 				#R
#Calculations
HR=m*HV 			#Heat of reaction
Eb=-HR-R*Tb*(2-3) 	#Heatin value
print '%s %.2f' %('Constant pressure heating value (Btu/lb formula wt) = ',Eb)
raw_input('press enter key to exit')
Constant pressure heating value (Btu/lb formula wt) =  -242211.42
press enter key to exit
Out[1]:
''

Exa 14.7

In [2]:
#Assume carbon burns with air in a steady flow process. If theoretical air
#is used, calculate the products temp. for adiabatic combustion, assuming
#the products have constant sp. heats of room temp. magnitude
#initialisation of variables
mC=1 									#lb
mO2=2.67				 				#lb
mN2=8.78 								#lb
mCO2=3.67 								#lb
mN2=8.78 								#lb
tB=77		 							#F
deltaH=14087 							#Btu/lb
CpCO2=0.196 							#Btu/lb F
CpCO2f=0.3 								#Btu/lb F
CpN2=0.248 								#Btu/lb F
CpN2f=0.285 							#Btu/lb F
#Calculations
t2= tB+ deltaH/(mCO2*CpCO2 + mN2*CpN2)	#Final temp in case 1
t2f=tB+ deltaH/(mCO2*CpCO2f + mN2*CpN2f) #Final temp in case 2
#Results
print '%s %.2f' %('In case 1,Final temp (F) = ',t2)
print '%s %.2f' %('\n In case 2, Final temp (F) = ',t2f)
raw_input('press enter key to exit')
In case 1,Final temp (F) =  4940.02

 In case 2, Final temp (F) =  3986.47
press enter key to exit
Out[2]:
''

Exa 14.8

In [3]:
#Suppose 1 pound of carbon burns at Cp so that 0.9 goes into CO2, 0.05lb goes 
#into CO and 0.05 emerges as unburned carbon; find the efficiency of the 
#combustion process
#initialisation of variables
HR=14087 		#Btu
HRC=3952 		#Btu
x1=0.9
x2=0.05
#Calculations
HR1=x1*HR 		#Heat of reaction
HR2=x2*HRC  	#Heat of reaction
e=(HR2+HR1)/HR 	#Efficiency
#Results
print '%s %.3f' %('Efficiency = ',e)
raw_input('press enter key to exit')
Efficiency =  0.914
press enter key to exit
Out[3]:
''

Exa 14.9

In [4]:
#A steam generator produces 10000 lb/hr of steam at 150 psia, saturated vapor. 
#In addition, there is drawn off from the boiler 500 lb/hr of saturated liquid
# at 150 psia as "blow down" The feed water is supplied to the boiler at 210 F.
#Oil fuel having a hv of 19500 is burned in the furnace at the rate of 700 lb/hr.
#Find the efficiency of the steam generator, as defined above.
#initialisation of variables
hvi=19500. 					#Btu/hr
Q=10240000.					#Btu/hr
rate=700.					#lb/hr
#calculations
Hv=rate*hvi
efficiency=Q/Hv
#results
print '%s %.2f' %('efficiency = ',efficiency)
efficiency =  0.75