#initialisation of variable
from math import *
S=-4.4*10**15;#slope
q=1.6*10**-19;#charge
E=11.9*8.85*10**-14;#constant
Vb=.42;#Voltage
#calculation
N=2/(q*E)/-S;#concentration
V=.0259*log(2.86*10**19/(2.7*10**15));#voltage
B=Vb+V;#barrier height
#result
print"donor concentration is",round(N,2),"cm^-3"
print"barrier height is",round(B,2),"V"
#initialisation of variable
from math import *
Nd=10**16;#concentration
t=10**-6;#time
Js=6.5*10**-5;#A/cm^2
Nc=2.86*10**19;
q=1.6*10**-19;#charge
Dp=10;
E=4.096*10**-10;#constant
N=9.65*10**9;
#calculation
Bn=.0259*log(110*300**2/Js);#barrier height
Vn=.0259*log(Nc/Nd);
V=Bn-Vn;#built-in potential
W=(2*E*V/q/Nd)**.5;#depletion layer width
Lp=(Dp*t)**.5;
Jp=q*Dp*N**2/Lp/Nd;#minority carrier current density
R=Js/Jp;#ratio
#result
print"built-in potential is",round(V,2),"V"
print"depletion layer width is",round(W/10**8,14),"cm"
print"ratio of Js to Jpo is",round(R,2)
#initialisation of variable
from math import *
A=10**-5;#area
R=10**-6;#resistance
Nd=5*10**19;
V=.8;#Voltage
M=.26*9.1*10**-31;#mass
I=1;#A
E=1.05*10**-12;#constant
h=1.05*10**-34;#constant
#calculation
Rc=R/A;#ohmic resistance
C=2*(M*E)**.5/h*10;
Io=1/Rc*(Nd*10**6)**.5/C*exp(C*V/(Nd*10**6)**.5);#current
Vd=V-Nd**.5/C*log(Io/I)*1000;#voltage drop
#result
print"voltage drop is",round(Vd*1000,2),"mV"
print"the answer differs slightly from the book due to rounding off in the book"
#initialisation of variable
from math import *
N=2*10**15;
T=300;#K
H=.89;#barrier height
D=12.4;
q=1.6*10**-19;#charge
E=8.85*10**-14;#constant
d=.6*10**-4;#thickness
#calculation
Vp=q*N*d**2/(2*D*E);#pinch-off voltage
Vn=.026*log(4.7*10**17/N);
Vb=H-Vn;#built-in potential
#result
print"pinch-off voltage is",round(Vp,3),"V"
print"built-in potential is",round(Vb,2),"V"
#initialisation of variable
from math import *
N=2*10**18;
q=1.6*10**-19;#charge
E=8.85*10**-14;#constant
d=40*10**-7;#thickness
H=.85;#barrier height
D=12.3;#dielectric constant
V=.23;#Voltage
#calculation
Vp=q*N*d**2/(2*D*E);#volt
Vt=H-V-Vp;#threshold voltage
Ns=D*E/(q*(d+11*10**-7))*1.73;#electron gas concentration
#result
print"pinch-off voltage is",round(Vp,2),"V"
print"two-dimensional electron gas concentration is",round(Ns,2),"cm^-2"