PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEYING

Example 2.1, Page 215

In [1]:
#Finding azimuth of a,b,c

# Initialization of Variable
from math import pi
from math import atan
f =120.80 # focal length
a = -35.52 # elevation of A
b =8.48 # elevation of B
c =48.26 # elevation of C

#calculation
alphaa = atan (a/f);
alphab = atan (b/f);
alphac = atan (c/f);
phi =(354+30/60) *pi /180; # azimuth o f camera
phia =phi - alphaa -360* pi /180; # azimuth o f a
phib = phia + alphab; # azimuth o f b
phic = phia + alphac ; # azimuth o f c

#result
print   " azimuth of a in ( degrees ) ",round(phia /pi *180,2)
print  " azimuth of b in ( degrees ) ",round(phib /pi *180,2)
print   " azimuth of c in ( degrees ) ",round(phic /pi *180,2)

 azimuth of a in ( degrees )  10.39
 azimuth of b in ( degrees )  14.4
 azimuth of c in ( degrees )  32.16

Example 2.2,Page 216

In [2]:
#Finding distance AP and AQ and reduced elevation of A

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi
from math import atan,sin,sqrt
f =150.0; # focal length of camera
ap =20.2 # elevation of a from p
aa1 =16.4; # distace to the right
aq =35.2 # elevation of a from q
PQ =100.0; # distace of PQ
RL =126.845; # r educed level of instrument

#calculation
alphap = atan (ap/f);
alphaq = atan (aq/f);
P=pi /3- alphap ; # angle P
Q =40* pi /180 - alphaq ; # angle Q
A=pi -P-Q; # angle A;
AP=PQ* sin (Q)/sin(A);
AQ=PQ* sin (P)/sin(A);
Pa1 = sqrt (ap **2+ f **2) ;
AA1 = aa1 *AP/ Pa1 ;
RLa =RL+AA1; # reduced level of A

#result
print  " distance of AP (m)  ",round(AP,2);
print "distance of AQ (m) ",round(AQ,2);
print " reduced level of A in (M) ",round(RLa,2)

 distance of AP (m)   45.9
distance of AQ (m)  80.6
 reduced level of A in (M)  131.82

Example 2.3,Page 218

In [3]:
#finding focal length

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
theta =(44+30/60) *pi /180; # angle b/w two points
x1 =68.24; #distance of 1st point
x2 =58.48; #distance of 2nd point

#calculation
f=( x1+x2)/ tan ( theta ) /2+ sqrt (( x1+x2) **2/4/( tan ( theta ))
**2+ x1*x2);

#result
print " focal length of lens in (mm) ",round(f,2);

 focal length of lens in (mm)  156.69

Example 2.4, Page 240

In [4]:
#finding representative fraction

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
# part 1

H =1200.0;#altitude
h =80.0; #elevation of hill
f =15.0/100.0;

#calculation
R80 =f/(H-h);
print " representative fraction of hill is ( time s) ",round(R80,5);

# part 2
#initialisation of variable
h =300.0; #elevation of hill

#calculation
R300 =f/(H-h);

#result
print " representative fraction of hill is ( time s) ",round(R300,5) ;

 representative fraction of hill is ( time s)  0.00013
 representative fraction of hill is ( time s)  0.00017

Example 2.5,Page 240

In [5]:
#finding height above sea level

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
R =1.0/8000.0;
h =1500.0;
f =20.0/100.0;

#calculation
H=h+f/R;

#result
print " height above sea level in (m)  ",round(H,3);

 height above sea level in (m)   3100.0

Example 2.6,Page 241

In [6]:
#finding height above sea level

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
h =500.0; #elevation of point
f =20.0/100.0; # focal length
v =8.65/100.0; # vertical distance of photograph
ho =2000.0; # horizontal distance of photograph
R=v/ho; # representative  fraction
h1 =800;

#calculation
H=h+f/R;
S=(H-h1)/f /100; # scale of photograph

print " height above sea level in (m)  ",round(H,2);
print " 1cm in photograph represents centimetres  ",round(S,3)

 height above sea level in (m)   5124.28
 1cm in photograph represents centimetres   216.214

Example 2.7, Page 241

In [7]:
#finding height above sea level

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
m =1.0/50000.0; #map scale
pd =10.16; # photo distance
md =2.54; #map distance
f =16.0/100.0;
h =200;

#calculation
R=pd/md*m; # representative  fraction
H=h+f/R;

#result
print " height above sea level in (m) ",round(H,3)

 height above sea level in (m)  2200.0

Example 2.8,Page 242

In [8]:
#finding distance between A and B

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
f =20 # f o c a l l e n g t h
xa =2.65; # x coordinate of a
xb = -1.92; # x coordinate of b
ya =1.36; # x coordinate of a
yb =3.65; # y coordinate of b
H =2500.0;
ha =500.0; # elevation of a
hb =300.0; # elevation of b

#calculation
Xa =(H-ha)/f*xa;
Xb =(H-hb)/f*xb;
Ya =(H-ha)/f*ya;
Yb =(H-hb)/f*yb;
AB= sqrt ((Xa -Xb) **2+( Ya -Yb)**2);

#result
print " distance between A & B in (m)  ",round(AB,3)

 distance between A & B in (m)   545.213

Example 2.9,Page 243

In [9]:
#finding flying distance between A and B

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
f =20.0 # focal length
xa =2.65; # x coordinate of a
xb = -1.92; # x coordinate of b
ya =1.36; # y coordinate of a
yb =3.65; # y coordinate of b
ha =500.0; # elevation of a
hb =300.0; # elevation of b
ABg =545.0;
ab =5.112;

#calculation
hab =ha /2+ hb /2;
Happ =hab+ ABg *f/ab
Xa =( Happ -ha)/f*xa;
Xb =( Happ -hb)/f*xb;
Ya =( Happ -ha)/f*ya;
Yb =( Happ -hb)/f*yb;
AB= sqrt ((Xa -Xb) **2+( Ya -Yb)**2);
Hact =ABg/AB *( Happ - hab )+ hab ;

#result
print " actual flying height of A & B in (m)  ",round(Hact,3);

 actual flying height of A & B in (m)   2499.706

Example 2.10,Page 243

In [10]:
#finding relief displacement

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin

f =20.0/100.0;
Sd =1.0/10000.0;
h =250.0; # elevation
r =6.44;

#calculation
H=f/Sd;
d=r*h/H;

#result
print "relief displacement of the point in ( cm) ",round(d,3)

relief displacement of the point in ( cm)  0.805

Example 2.11,Page 244

In [11]:
#finding relief distance

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
h =50.0; # elevation
H =2500.0 -1250.0;
r =6.35;

#calculation
d=r*h/H;

#result
print  "releif displacement of the point in ( cm) ",round(d,3)

releif displacement of the point in ( cm)  0.254

Example 2.12,Page 244

In [28]:
#finding height of tower

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
f =20.0/100.0; # focal length
l =250; #length of line
lp =8.5/100.0; #length of line in photograph

#calculation
H=l*f/lp; # height of camera above datum
r =6.46; # distace of image of top o f the towe r
d =0.46; # releif displacement
h=d*H/r;

#result
print " height of tower above its base in (m) ",round(h,2)

41.89  height of tower above its base in (m)

Example 2.13,Page 267

In [12]:
#finding no. of photographs

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
l =20/100; # length of photograph
w =20/100; # breadth of photograph
Pl =0.6; # longitudinal  lap
Pw =0.3; # side lap
s =100*20;

#calculation
L=(1 - Pl)*s;
W=(1 - Pw)*s;
Ar=L*W /1000/1000;
N =100/ Ar;
A= round (N);

#result
print "no . o f photographs to be taken ",A+1;

no . o f photographs to be taken  90.0

Example 2.14,Page 267

In [13]:
#finding no. of photographs

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
Pl =0.6; # longitudinal lap
Pw =0.3; # side lap
L1 =10000.0;
s =100.0*20.0;

#calculation
L2=L1;
N1=L1 /((1 - Pl)*s) +1;
A1= round (N1);
if N1 -A1 <0:
    N1=A1;
else :
    N1=A1+1;

N2=L2 /((1 - Pw)*s) +1;
A2= round (N2);
if N2 -A2 <0:
    N2=A2
else :
    N2=A2+1;

N=N1*N2;

#result
print "no . of photographs to be taken ",N;

no . of photographs to be taken  126.0

Example 2.15,Page 268

In [14]:
#finding no. of photographs

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
Pl =0.6; # longitudinal lap
Pw =0.3; # side lap
L1 =12500.0;
s =100.0*20.0;
L2 =8000.0;

#calculation
N1=L1 /((1 - Pl)*s) +1;
A1= round (N1);
if N1 -A1 <0:
    N1=A1;
else :
    N1=A1+1;

N2=L2 /((1 - Pw)*s) +1;
A2= round (N2);
if N2 -A2 <0:
    N2=A2
else :
    N2=A2+1;

N=N1*N2;

#result
print "no . of photographs to be taken ",N;

no . of photographs to be taken  119.0

Example 2.16,Page 268

In [15]:
#finding no. of photographs,height of datum

#initialisation of variable
#part1
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
f =30.0/100.0; # focal length
h =400.0; #elevation of datum
r =12000.0; # ratio
s =120.0*20.0;
L2 =24000.0;
L1 =30000.0;
Pl =0.6; # longitudinal lap
Pw =0.3; # side lap

#calculation
H=h+r*f;

#result
print " height above datum in (m)  ",round(H,2);

# part 2
#calculation
W=(1 - Pw)*s;

#result
print " ground width covered in each photograph (m) ",round(W,2);

# part 3
N2=L2 /((1 - Pw)*s) +1;
A2= round (N2);
if N2 -A2 <0:
    N2=A2
else :
    N2=A2+1;

#result
print "no . of flights required ",N2;

#part 4-9
#calculation
Asf =L2 /(N2 -1) ; # actual spacing between flights
Sfl = Asf /600; # spacing of flight lines
gd =(1 - Pl)*s; # ground distance
Ei=gd /55.5; # exposure interval
Ei= round (Ei);
Ags =55.56* Ei;# adgusted ground distance
N1=L1/ Ags +1;
A1= round (N1);
if N1 -A1 <0:
    N1=A1;
else :
    N1=A1+1;
N=N1*N2;

#result
print "actual spacing in m",Asf
print "spacing of flight lines in cm",round(Sfl,2)
print "exposure interval in s",Ei
print "adjusted ground distance in m",round(Ags)
print "no . of photographs to be taken per flight line",N1
print "no . of photographs to be taken ",N;

 height above datum in (m)   4000.0
 ground width covered in each photograph (m)  1680.0
no . of flights required  16.0
actual spacing in m 1600.0
spacing of flight lines in cm 2.67
exposure interval in s 17.0
adjusted ground distance in m 945.0
no . of photographs to be taken per flight line 33.0
no . of photographs to be taken  528.0

Example 2.17,Page 301

In [16]:
#finding error in height 

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
f =150.0/1000.0; # focal length
r =20000.0; #ratio
Pl =0.6; # longitudinal  lap
l =23.0/100.0; # l e n g t h
w =23.0/100.0; # width

#calculation
B=(1 - Pl)*l*r; # base length
H=f*r;
h =0;
dh =(H-h) **2/ B/f *0.1/1000;

#result
print " error in height in (m)  ",round(dh,3)

 error in height in (m)   3.261

Example 2.18,Page 302

In [17]:
#finding parallax height of the chimney

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
H =600.0;
f =150.0/1000.0;
b =6.375/100.0;
h1 =0.0;
h2 =120.0; # height of chimney

#calculation
s=H/f;
B=s*b; # datum elevation
p1=B*f *1000/(H-h1);
p2=B*f *1000/(H-h2);
delp =p2 -p1;
delh =H* delp /1000/( b+ delp /1000) ;

#result
print " parallax height of the chimney in (m)",round(delh,3)

 parallax height of the chimney in (m) 120.0

Example 2.19,Page 303

In [1]:
#finding difference in elevation 

#initialisation of variable
from math import pi,tan,sqrt,sin
B =200.0;
f =120.0;
p2 =52.52; # parallax for top pole
p1 =48.27; # parallax for bottom pole

#calculation
delh =(p2 -p1)/p2/p1*B*f;

#result
print " difference in elevation  of two points in (m)  ",round(delh,3)
print "there is again  a miscalculation in the step of calculating elevation thus there is a change in the answer"

 difference in elevation  of two points in (m)   40.234
there is again  a miscalculation in the step of calculating elevation thus there is a change in the answer

Example 2.20,Page 303

In [14]:
#finding difference in elevation 

#initialisation of variable
# part 1
delp =1.48/1000.0;
H =5000.0;
h =500.0;
b =90.0/1000.0; #mean principal base

#calculation
dh =(H-h) **2* delp /((H-h)* delp +b*H);

#result
print " difference in height between two points in(m)  ",round(dh,3)

# part 2
#variable decleration
delp =15.5/1000.0;

#calculation
dh =(H-h) **2* delp /((H-h)* delp +b*H);

#result
print " difference in height between two points in(m)  ",round(dh,3)

 difference in height between two points in(m)   65.629
 difference in height between two points in(m)   603.896
In [ ]: