{
 "cells": [
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Chapter 12 - Waveshaping and Waveform Generation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 12_1 Page No. 370"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "VEE= 15.00  volts\n",
      "VCC= 15.00  volts\n",
      "VHI= 5.00  volts\n",
      "VLO= -5.00  volts\n",
      "IZmin= 0.00  A\n",
      "SR= 500000.00  volts/seconds\n",
      "RB= 100.00 ohm\n",
      "RA= 10000.00 ohm\n",
      "A = 5000.00\n",
      "VREF= 1.00  volts\n",
      "part(i)\n",
      "RD=(VCC-Vo)/IZmin= 10000.00 ohm\n",
      "part(ii)\n",
      "t=(VHI-VLO)/SR= 2.00e-05  seconds\n",
      "tp=(VHI-VLO)/SR= 2.00e-04  seconds\n",
      "fmax=1/(2*tp) = 2500.00  Hz\n",
      "part(iii)\n",
      "B=RB/(RA+RB)= 0.01\n",
      "VLTP=(VLO*B)+[VREF*(RA/(RA+RB))]= 0.94  volts\n",
      "VUTP=(VHI*B)+[VREF*(RA/(RA+RB))]= 1.04  volts\n",
      "VH=VUTP-VLTP= 0.10  volts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division  \n",
    "VEE=15\n",
    "print \"VEE= %0.2f\"%(VEE),\" volts\" #  voltage supply \n",
    "VCC=15\n",
    "print \"VCC= %0.2f\"%(VCC),\" volts\" #  voltage supply\n",
    "VHI=+5\n",
    "print \"VHI= %0.2f\"%(VHI),\" volts\" #  output voltage upper limit\n",
    "VLO=-5\n",
    "print \"VLO= %0.2f\"%(VLO),\" volts\" #  output voltage Lower limit\n",
    "Vo=-VLO\n",
    "IZmin=1*10**(-3)\n",
    "print \"IZmin= %0.2f\"%(IZmin),\" A\" # Zener diode current rating\n",
    "SR=0.5*10**(6)\n",
    "print \"SR= %0.2f\"%(SR),\" volts/seconds\"#Slew rate\n",
    "RB=100\n",
    "print \"RB= %0.2f\"%(RB)+ \" ohm\"  # resistance\n",
    "RA=10*10**(3) \n",
    "print \"RA= %0.2f\"%(RA)+ \" ohm\"  # resistance\n",
    "A = 5000\n",
    "print \"A = %0.2f\"%(A)#op-amp gain\n",
    "VREF=1\n",
    "print \"VREF= %0.2f\"%(VREF),\" volts\" # Reference- voltage \n",
    "print \"part(i)\"\n",
    "RD=(VCC-Vo)/IZmin\n",
    "print \"RD=(VCC-Vo)/IZmin= %0.2f\"%(RD)+ \" ohm\"  # Series dropping-resistance\n",
    "\n",
    "print \"part(ii)\"\n",
    "t=(VHI-VLO)/SR\n",
    "print \"t=(VHI-VLO)/SR= %0.2e\"%(t),\" seconds\"# Time required to swing the output\n",
    "tp=10*t\n",
    "print \"tp=(VHI-VLO)/SR= %0.2e\"%(tp),\" seconds\"# Pulse width\n",
    "fmax=1/(2*tp) \n",
    "print \"fmax=1/(2*tp) = %0.2f\"%(fmax),\" Hz\"# Maximum frequency of operation of OP-AMP comparator\n",
    "print \"part(iii)\"\n",
    "B=RB/(RA+RB)\n",
    "print \"B=RB/(RA+RB)= %0.2f\"%(B)#Feedback factor\n",
    "VLTP=(VLO*B)+(VREF*(RA/(RA+RB)))\n",
    "print \"VLTP=(VLO*B)+[VREF*(RA/(RA+RB))]= %0.2f\"%(VLTP),\" volts\" #   Lower trigger point\n",
    "VUTP=(VHI*B)+(VREF*(RA/(RA+RB)))\n",
    "print \"VUTP=(VHI*B)+[VREF*(RA/(RA+RB))]= %0.2f\"%(VUTP),\" volts\" # Upper trigger point\n",
    "VH=VUTP-VLTP\n",
    "print \"VH=VUTP-VLTP= %0.2f\"%(VH),\" volts\" #  Hysteresis voltage "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 12_2 Page No. 372"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Vo= 14.00  volts\n",
      "f = 500.00  Hz\n",
      "IB2= 5.00e-07  A\n",
      "B=0.50\n",
      "vf=B*Vo= +7.00 , -7.00  volts\n",
      "IR=100*IB2= 5.00e-05  A\n",
      "RB=vf/IR= 140000.00 ohm\n",
      "RA=RB*((1/B)-1)= 140000.00 ohm\n",
      "RF= 100000.00 ohm\n",
      "C1=1/[2*RF*f*log(1+(2*RB/RA))]= 9.10e-09  farad\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from math import log\n",
    "from __future__ import division  \n",
    "Vo=14\n",
    "print \"Vo= %0.2f\"%(Vo),\" volts\" #  output voltage\n",
    "f=500 \n",
    "print \"f = %0.2f\"%(f),\" Hz\"#frequency\n",
    "IB2=500*10**(-9)\n",
    "print \"IB2= %0.2e\"%(IB2),\" A\" #base- Current\n",
    "B=0.5\n",
    "print \"B=%0.2f\"%(B)#Feedback factor\n",
    "vf=B*Vo\n",
    "print \"vf=B*Vo= +%0.2f\"%(vf),\", -%0.2f\"%(vf),\" volts\" # Feedback voltage\n",
    "IR=100*IB2# Taking IR as 100 times that of IB2\n",
    "print \"IR=100*IB2= %0.2e\"%(IR),\" A\" # Current in RB resistor\n",
    "RB=vf/IR\n",
    "print \"RB=vf/IR= %0.2f\"%(RB)+ \" ohm\"  # resistance\n",
    "RA=RB*((1/B)-1)# Using formulae B=RA/(RA+RB)\n",
    "print \"RA=RB*((1/B)-1)= %0.2f\"%(RA)+ \" ohm\"  # resistance\n",
    "RF=100*10**(3)#Choosing RF=100k\n",
    "print \"RF= %0.2f\"%(RF)+ \" ohm\"  #Feedback resistance\n",
    "C1=1/(2*RF*f*log(1+(2*RB/RA)))\n",
    "print \"C1=1/[2*RF*f*log(1+(2*RB/RA))]= %0.2e\"%(C1),\" farad\" # calculated capacitance value"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 12_3 Page No. 373"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Vo= 14.00  volts\n",
      "f = 500.00  Hz\n",
      "R2= 10000.00 ohm\n",
      "VTW= 14.00  volts\n",
      "C2=(Vo*T)/(2*VTW*R2)= 1.00e-07  farad\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division  \n",
    "Vo=14\n",
    "print \"Vo= %0.2f\"%(Vo),\" volts\" #  output voltage\n",
    "f=500 \n",
    "print \"f = %0.2f\"%(f),\" Hz\"#frequency\n",
    "R2=10*10**(3)\n",
    "print \"R2= %0.2f\"%(R2)+ \" ohm\"  # resistance\n",
    "VTW=14\n",
    "print \"VTW= %0.2f\"%(VTW),\" volts\" # Triangular peak-peak output voltage\n",
    "T=1/f\n",
    "C2=(Vo*T)/(2*VTW*R2)\n",
    "print \"C2=(Vo*T)/(2*VTW*R2)= %0.2e\"%(C2),\" farad\" # calculated capacitance value for deriving triangular wave from square wave astable multivibrator"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 12_4 Page No. 374"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "VI= -15.00  volts\n",
      "TSW= 2.00e-03  seconds\n",
      "R= 10000.00 ohm\n",
      "C= 5.00e-07  farad\n",
      "Sweep rate=VI/(R*C)=3000.00 V/s\n",
      "VSW=TSW*S= 6.00  volts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division  \n",
    "VI=-15\n",
    "print \"VI= %0.2f\"%(VI),\" volts\" #  Input voltage\n",
    "TSW=2*10**(-3)\n",
    "print \"TSW= %0.2e\"%(TSW),\" seconds\"# triangular wave Sweep time\n",
    "R=10*10**(3)\n",
    "print \"R= %0.2f\"%(R)+ \" ohm\"  # resistance as ckt. parameter\n",
    "C=0.5*10**(-6)\n",
    "print \"C= %0.2e\"%(C),\" farad\" #  capacitance as ckt. parameter\n",
    "S=-VI/(R*C)\n",
    "print \"Sweep rate=VI/(R*C)=%0.2f\"%(S)+ \" V/s\" # Sweep rate for sweep generator\n",
    "VSW=TSW*S\n",
    "print \"VSW=TSW*S= %0.2f\"%(VSW),\" volts\" #   Sweep voltage amplitude\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# note in book author has not provided any variable for sweep rate ... but here I have used 'S' for it ."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 12_5 Page No. 375"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "VEE= 15.00  volts\n",
      "VCC= 15.00  volts\n",
      "R1= 10000.00 ohm\n",
      "RF= 20000.00 ohm\n",
      "R1= 10000.00 ohm\n",
      "RF1= 1000.00 ohm\n",
      "Av= 1000.00\n",
      "part(i)\n",
      "VBR1=VBR2=(VCC*RF1)/RB1= 5.00  volts\n",
      "So=-RF/R1= -2.00\n",
      "S1=S2=-RF1/R1= -0.10\n",
      "VSL=VSU=(-VBR1/So)= 2.50  volts\n",
      "part(ii)\n",
      "VSU=VSL=(VBR2/Av)= -0.01 , +0.01  volts\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division  \n",
    "VEE=15\n",
    "print \"VEE= %0.2f\"%(VEE),\" volts\" #  voltage supply \n",
    "VCC=15\n",
    "print \"VCC= %0.2f\"%(VCC),\" volts\" #  voltage supply\n",
    "R1=10*10**(3)\n",
    "print \"R1= %0.2f\"%(R1)+ \" ohm\"  # resistance\n",
    "RF=20*10**(3) \n",
    "print \"RF= %0.2f\"%(RF)+ \" ohm\"  # Feedback resistance\n",
    "RB1=3*10**(3)\n",
    "print \"R1= %0.2f\"%(R1)+ \" ohm\"  # resistance\n",
    "RB2=RB1\n",
    "RF1=1*10**(3) \n",
    "print \"RF1= %0.2f\"%(RF1)+ \" ohm\"  # Feedback resistance\n",
    "RF2=RF1\n",
    "Av=1*10**(3)\n",
    "print \"Av= %0.2f\"%(Av) \n",
    "print \"part(i)\"\n",
    "VBR1= (VCC*RF1)/RB1\n",
    "VBR2 = VBR1\n",
    "print \"VBR1=VBR2=(VCC*RF1)/RB1= %0.2f\"%(VBR1),\" volts\" #Limit values at the break points and VBR=VBR1=VBR2\n",
    "So=-RF/R1\n",
    "print \"So=-RF/R1= %0.2f\"%(So) # slope of Transfer characteristic at zero crossings \n",
    "S1=-(RF1/R1)\n",
    "print \"S1=S2=-RF1/R1= %0.2f\"%(S1)# slope of Transfer characteristic at the extreme ends\n",
    "VSL=(-VBR1/So)\n",
    "print \"VSL=VSU=(-VBR1/So)= %0.2f\"%(VSL),\" volts\" #  magnitude of input voltage required to produce vo=VBR\n",
    "VSU=VSL\n",
    "print \"part(ii)\"\n",
    "VSU=(VBR2/Av)#Formulae\n",
    "print \"VSU=VSL=(VBR2/Av)= -%0.2f\"%(VSU),\", +%0.2f\"%(VSU),\" volts\" #  magnitude of input voltage required to produce vo=VBR in case gain Av is very large"
   ]
  }
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