#Variables
IB1 = 20.0 *10**-6 #Base current with ac o/p shorted (in Ampere)
IC1 = 1.0 *10**-3 #Collector current with ac o/p shorted (in Ampere)
VBC1 = 22.0 * 10**-3 #Base-collector voltage with ac o/p shorted (in volts)
VCE1 = 0 #Collector-emitter voltage wwith ac o/p shorted (in volts)
IB2 = 0 #Base current with ac i/p open-circuited (in Ampere)
VBE2 = 0.25 *10**-3 #Base-emitter voltage with ac i/p open-circuited (in volts)
IC2 = 30.0 * 10**-6 #Collector current with ac i/p open-circuited (in Ampere)
VCE2 = 1 #Collector-emitter voltage with ac i/p open-circuited (in volts)
#Calculation
hie = VBC1/IB1 #hie (in ohm)
hfe = IC1/IB1 #Current gain in CE
hre = VBE2/VCE2 #hre
hoe = IC2/VCE2 #hoe (in Siemen)
#Result
print "hie : ",hie*10**-3,"kilo-ohm."
print "hfe : ",hfe,"."
print "hre : ",hre,"."
print "hoe : ",hoe * 10**6,"micro-S."
#Variables
hfe = 50.0 #hfe
hie = 0.83 * 10**3 #hie (in ohm)
#Calculation
hfb = -hfe/(1 + hfe) #Current gain
hib = hie/(1 + hfe) #Input impedance (in ohm)
#Result
print "hfb : ",round(hfb,2),".\nhib : ",round(hib,2),"ohm."
#Variables
hfe = 100 #hfe
hre = 0.02 * 10**-2 #hre
hoe = 5 * 10**-6 #hoe (in Siemens)
hic = hie = 2600.0 #hie (in ohm)
#Calculation
hfc = -(1 + hfe) #hfc
hrc = 1 - hre #hrc
hoc = hoe #hoe (in Siemens)
#Result
print "hic :",hic,"ohm."
print "hfc :",hfc,"."
print "hrc :",round(hrc),"."
print "hoc :",hoc,"S."
#Variables
hie = 2000.0 #hie (in ohm)
hre = 1.6 * 10**-4 #hre
hfe = 49 #Current gain
hoe = 50 * 10**-6 #hoe (in Ampere per volt)
RL = 30.0 * 10**3 #Load resistance (in ohm)
RS = 600.0 #Source resistance (in ohm)
#Calculation
Ai = - hfe/(1 + hoe*RL) #Current gain
Rin = hie - hre*hfe/(hoe + 1/RL)#Input resistance (in ohm)
Av = -hfe/((hoe + 1/RL)*Rin) #Voltage gain
Avs = Av*Rin/(Rin + RS) #Overall voltage gain
Ais = Ai*RS/(Rin + RS) #Overall current gain
Gout = hoe - hfe*hre/(hie + RS) #Output conductance (in Siemens)
Rout = 1/Gout #Output resistance (in ohm)
#Result
print "Current gain :",Ai,"."
print "Input resistance :",Rin,"ohm."
print "Voltage gain :",round(Av,1),"."
print "Overall voltage gain :",round(Avs),"."
print "Overall current gain :",round(Ais,1),"."
print "Output conductance :",Gout,"S."
print "Output resistance :",round(Rout),"ohm."
#Slight variations due to higher precision.
#Variables
hie = 1.1 * 10**3 #hie (in ohm)
hre = 0.25 * 10**-3 #hre
hfe = 50 #Current gain
hoe = 25.0 * 10**-6 #hoe (in Siemens)
RL = 1.0 * 10**3 #Load resistance (in ohm)
RS = 1.0 * 10**3 #Series resistance (in ohm)
#Calculation
Ai = - hfe/(1 + hoe*RL) #Current gain
Rin = hie - hre*hfe/(hoe + 1/RL)#Input resistance (in ohm)
Av = -hfe/((hoe + 1/RL)*Rin) #Voltage gain
Avs = Av*Rin/(Rin + RS) #Overall voltage gain
Ais = Ai*RS/(Rin + RS) #Overall current gain
#Result
print "Current gain :",round(Ai,2),"."
print "Input resistance :",round(Rin,1),"ohm."
print "Voltage gain :",round(Av,2),"."
print "Overall voltage gain :",round(Avs,2),"."
print "Overall current gain :",round(Ais,3),"."
#Variables
hie = 1.0 * 10**3 #hie (in ohm)
hfe = 100 #Current gain
RL = 2.0 * 10**3 #Load resistance (in ohm)
hre = hoe = 0 #hre
#Calculation
Ai = - hfe/(1 + hoe*RL) #Current gain
Rin = hie - hre*hfe/(hoe + 1/RL)#Input resistance (in ohm)
Av = -hfe/((hoe + 1/RL)*Rin) #Voltage gain
#Result
print "Current gain :",round(Ai,2),"."
print "Input resistance :",round(Rin,1),"ohm."
print "Voltage gain :",round(Av,2),"."
#Variables
RS = 200.0 #internal resistance (in ohm)
RL = 1200.0 #Load resistance (in ohm)
hib = 24.0 #hib (in ohm)
hrb = 4.0 * 10**-4 #hrb
hfb = -0.98 #hfb
hob = 0.6 * 10**-6 #hob (in Ampere per volt)
#Calculation
Ai = - hfb/(1 + hob*RL) #Current gain
Rin = hib + hrb*Ai*RL #Input resistance (in ohm)
Av = Ai*RL/Rin #Voltage gain
Avs = Av*Rin/(Rin + RS) #Overall voltage gain
Ais = Ai*RS/(Rin + RS) #Overall current gain
#Result
print "Current gain :",round(Ai,3),"."
print "Input resistance :",round(Rin,2),"ohm."
print "Voltage gain :",round(Av,2),"."
print "Overall voltage gain :",round(Avs,2),"."
print "Overall current gain :",round(Ais,3),"."
#Variables
IE = 1.2 * 10**-3 #Emitter current (in Ampere)
beta = 120.0 #Current gain
ro = 40.0 * 10**3 #O/p resistance (in ohm)
hre = 0 #hre
#Calculation
hfe = beta #hfe
hoe = 1/ro #hoe (in Siemen)
hie = 25.0*10**-3/IE*beta #hie (in ohm)
alpha = beta/(1 + beta) #Current gain in CB
hob = hoe/(1 + beta) #hob (in Siemen)
hib = 25 * 10**-3/IE #hib (in ohm)
#Result
print "hfe :",hfe,"."
print "hoe :",hoe,"S."
print "hie :",hie*10**-3,"kilo-ohm."
print "Current amplification factor :",round(alpha,2),"."
print "hob :",hob,"."
print "hib :",round(hib,2),"ohm."
#Variables
hic = hie = 2.0 * 10**3 #hic (in ohm)
hfe = 100.0 #Current gain in CE
hre = 2.5 * 10**-4 #hre
hoe = 25.0 * 10**-6 #hoe (in Ampere per volt)
RS = 1.0 * 10**3 #Source resistance (in ohm)
RL = 500.0 #Load resistance (in ohm)
#Calculation
hfc = -(1 + hfe) #hfc
hrc = 1 - hre #hrc
hoc = hoe #hoc (in Siemens)
Ai = -hfc/(1 + hoc*RL) #Current gain
Rin = hic - hrc*hfc/(hoc + 1/RL) #Input resistance (in ohm)
Av = -hfc/((hoc + 1/RL)*Rin) #Voltage gain
Avs = Av*Rin/(Rin + RS) #Overall voltage gain
Ais = Ai*RS/(Rin + RS) #Overall current gain
Go = hoc -(hfc*hrc/(hic + RS)) #O/P conductance (in Siemens)
Ro = 1/Go #O/P resistance (in ohm)
#Result
print "Current gain :",round(Ai,2),"."
print "Input resistance :",round(Rin,3),"ohm."
print "Voltage gain :",round(Av,4),"."
print "Overall voltage gain :",round(Avs,4),"."
print "Overall current gain :",round(Ais,3),"."
print "Output resistance :",round(Ro,2),"ohm."
print "Output conductance :",round(Go,4),"Siemen."
#Slight variations due to higher precision.
#Variables
hie = 2.0 * 10**3 #hie (in ohm)
hoe = 25.0 * 10**-6 #hoe (in Siemens)
hfe = 55.0 #Current gain in CE
Pin = 10.0 * 10**-3 #Output power (in watt)
RB = 80.0 * 10**3 #Base resistance (in ohm)
RC = 10.0 * 10**3 #Collector resitance (in ohm)
RL = 10.0 * 10**3 #Load resistance (in ohm)
RS = 5.0 * 10**3 #Source resistance (in ohm)
#Calculation
Zb = hie #Zb (in ohm)
Zin = RB #Impedance (in ohm)
ZS = RS + Zin #Imput impedance (in ohm)
Zout = RC/hoe*(1/(RC + 1/hoe)) #Output impedance (in ohm)
Rac = Zout*RL/(Zout + RL) #AC load resistance (in ohm)
Vout = -34.3*0.29 #Output voltage (in volts)
Pout = Vout**2/RL #Output power (in watt)
E = 0.29 #EMF (in volts)
Ap = Pin/0.29**2*6.95*10**3 #Power gain
#Result
print "Power gain : ",round(Ap),"."
print "EMF E : ",E,"V."
#Variables
hie = 1.0 * 10**3 #hie (in ohm)
hfe = 100.0 #Current gain
R1 = 20.0 * 10**3 #Resistance1 (in ohm)
R2 = 10 * 10**3 #Resistance2 (in ohm)
hoe = 25.0 * 10**-6 #hoe (in Siemens)
RC = 2* 10**3 #Collector resistance (in ohm)
RL = 2* 10**3 #Load resistance (in ohm)
#Calculation
Zb = hie #Zb (in ohm)
Zin = Zb*R1*R2/(Zb*R1 + Zb*R2 + R1*R2) #Input impedance (in ohm)
Zout = 1/hoe*RC/(RC + 1/hoe) #Output impedance (in ohm)
Av = -(RC*RL)/(RC + RL)*hfe/hie #Voltage gain
RB = R1*R2/(R1 + R2) #Base resistance (in ohm)
Ai = -hfe*RB*RC/((RC + RL)*(RB + Zb)) #Current gain
#Result
print "Input impedance : ",round(Zin * 10**-3,2),"kilo-ohm."
print "Output impedance : ",round(Zout * 10**-3,1),"kilo-ohm"
print "Current gain : ",round(Ai,1),"."
print "Voltage gain : ",Av,"."
#Variables
hie = 1100.0 #hie (in ohm)
hre = 0 #hre
hfe = 50.0 #Current gain
hoe = 100.0 #hoe
R1 = 100.0 * 10**3 #Resistance1 (in ohm)
R2 = 10.0 * 10**3 #Resistance2 (n ohm)
RE = 1.0 * 10**3 #Emitter resistance (in ohm)
RL = 5.0 * 10**3 #Load resistance (in ohm)
RS = 10.0 * 10**3 #Source resistance (in ohm)
#Calculation
RB = hie + (1 + hfe)*RE #Base resistance (in ohm)
Rin = RB*R1*R2/((RB*R1 + RB*R2 + R1*R2)) #Input resistance (in ohm)
Ai = -hoe #Current gain
Av = -hoe*RL/(hie + (1 + hfe)*RE) #Voltage gain
Avs = Av * Rin/(Rin + RS) #Overall voltage gain
#Result
print "Ai : ",Ai,"."
print "Av : ",round(Av,3),"."
print "Avs : ",round(Avs,2),"."
print "Rin : ",round(Rin*10**-3,2),"kilo-ohm."
#Slight variation due to higher precision.
#Variables
RE = 100.0 #Emitter resistance (in ohm)
RC = 1.0 * 10**3 #Collector resistance (in ohm)
VBE = 0.7 #Base-emitter voltage (in volts)
RB = 420.0 * 10**3 #Base resistance (in ohm)
beta = 100 #Current gain in CE
VCC = 5.0 #Collector supply voltage (in volts)
#Calculation
IB = (VCC -VBE)/(RB + (beta + 1)*RE) #Base current (in Ampere)
ICQ = beta * IB #Q-point collector current (in Ampere)
IE = (beta + 1)*IB #Emitter current (in Ampere)
r1e = 25.0*10**-3/IE #Resistance (in ohm)
Rin = RB*(beta*r1e)/(RB + beta*r1e) #Input resistance (in ohm)
Rout = RC #Output resistance (in ohm)
Av = -ICQ/IB*Rout/Rin #Small signal voltage gain
swing = VCC/(RC + RE) #Max. possible swing (in Ampere)
#Result
print "Quiescent collector current : ",round(ICQ*10**3,3),"mA."
print "Small signal voltage gain : ",round(Av,2),"."
print "Maximum possible swing of collector current : ",round(swing*10**3,2),"mA."
#Slight variation due to high precision.
#Variables
beta = hfe = 130 #Current gain in CE
R1 = 510.0 * 10**3 #Resistance1 (in ohm)
R2 = 510.0 * 10**3 #Resistance2 (n ohm)
RE = 7.5 * 10**3 #Emitter resistance (in ohm)
RC = 9.1 * 10**3 #Collector resistance (in ohm)
VCC = 18.0 #Collector supply voltage (in volts)
VBE = 0 #Base-Emitter voltage (in volts)
hie = 1.0 * 10**3 #hie (in ohm)
#Calculation
Rth = R1*R2/(R1 + R2) #Thevenin's eq. resistance (in ohm)
Vth = VCC * R2/(R1 + R2) #Thevenin's eq. voltage (in volts)
IB = (Vth - VBE)/(Rth + (beta + 1)*RE) #Base current (in Ampere)
IC = beta*IB #Collector current (in Ampere)
ICQ = IC #Q-point IC (in Ampere)
IE = (beta + 1)*IB #Emitter current (in Ampere)
VCEQ = VCC - ICQ*RC - IE*RE #Q-point VCE (in Ampere)
IB1 = (VCC - VBE)/(R1 + (beta + 1)*RE) #Base current1 (in Ampere)
IC1 = beta*IB1 #Collector current1 (in Ampere)
ICQ1 = IC1 #Q-point IC (in Ampere)
IE1 = (beta + 1)*IB1 #Emitter current1 (in Ampere)
VCEQ1 = VCC - ICQ1*RC - IE1*RE #Q-point VCE (in Ampere)
Rin = (R1*R2*hie)/(R1*R2 + hie*R2 + hie*R1) #Input resistance (in ohm)
Av = -50/hie*RC #Voltage gain
#Result
print IB1,IC1,ICQ1,IE1
print "ICQ : ",round(ICQ*10**3,3),"mA and VCEQ : ",round(VCEQ,3),"V."
print "VCE when R2 is open circuited : ",round(VCEQ1,3),"V."
print "AV : ",round(Av,3),"."
print "Rin : ",round(Rin*10**-3,2),"kilo-ohm."
#Mistake in book for the value of hfe in calculation of Av.
#Variables
hfe = 110 #Current gain in CE
hie = 1.6 * 10**3 #hie (in ohm)
hre = 2 * 10**-4 #hre
hoe = 20.0 * 10**-6 #hoe (in Ampere per volt)
RB = 470.0 * 10**3 #Base resistance (in ohm)
RC = 4.7 * 10**3 #Collector resistance (in ohm)
#Calculation
Zin = RB*hie/(RB + hie) #Input impedance (in ohm)
Zout = RC*1/hoe/(RC + 1/hoe) #Output impedance (in ohm)
Av = -RC*hfe/hie #Voltage gain
#Result
print "Zin : ",round(Zin*10**-3,3)," kilo-ohm."
print "Zout : ",round(Zout*10**-3,3)," kilo-ohm."
print "Av : ",round(Av,3),"."
#Variables
hib = 25.0 #hie (in ohm)
hfb = -0.98 #Current gain in CB
hob = 0.5 * 10**-6 #hob (in Siemens)
R1 = 20.0 * 10**3 #Resistance1 (in ohm)
R2 = 5.0 * 10**3 #Resistance2 (n ohm)
RE = 4.0 * 10**3 #Emitter resistance (in ohm)
RL = 6.0 * 10**3 #Load resistance (in ohm)
RC = 8.0 * 10**3 #Collector resistance (in ohm)
#Calculation
Zin = hib*RE/(hib + RE) #Input impedance (in ohm)
Zout = RC*1/hob/(RC + 1/hob) #Output impedance (in ohm)
Av = -(RC*RL)/(RC+RL)*hfb/hib #Voltage gain
#Result
print "Zin : ",round(Zin,2)," ohm."
print "Zout : ",round(Zout*10**-3,2)," kilo-ohm."
print "Av : ",round(Av,3),"."
#Slight variation due to higher precision.
#Variables
hie = 2000.0 #hie (in ohm)
hfe = 100.0 #Current gain
R1 = 10.0 * 10**3 #Resistance1 (in ohm)
R2 = 10.0 * 10**3 #Resistance2 (n ohm)
RE = 5.0 * 10**3 #Emitter resistance (in ohm)
RL = 5.0 * 10**3 #Load resistance (in ohm)
RS = 1.0 * 10**3 #Source resistance (in ohm)
#Calculation
hic = hie #hic
hfc = -(1 + hfe) #hfc
Zb = hic - hfc*(RE*RL)/(RE + RL) #ZB (in ohm)
Zin = Zb*R1*R2/(Zb*R1 + R1*R2 + Zb*R2)#Input impedance (in ohm)
Ze = -(hic + (R1*R2*RS/(R1*R2 + R2*RS + R1*RS)))/hfc #Ze (in ohm)
Zout = Ze*RE/(Ze + RE) #Output impedance (in ohm)
Av = 1 #Coltage gain
RB = R1*R2/(R1 + R2) #Base resistance (in ohm)
Ai = -hfc #Current gain
Ap = Ai #Power gain
#Result
print "Input impedance : ",round(Zin * 10**-3,1),"kilo-ohm."
print "Outpur impedance : ",round(Zout),"ohm."
print "Voltage gain : ",Av,"."
print "Current gain : ",Ai,"."
print "Power gain : ",Ap,"."
#Variables
RL = 5.0 * 10**3 #Load resistance (in ohm)
RS = 0.5 * 10**3 #Source resistance (in ohm)
hie = 1000.0 #hie (in ohm)
hfe = 50.0 #Current gain
hoe = 25.0 * 10**-6 #hor (in Siemens)
#Calculation
hic = hie #hie (in ohm)
hrc = 1 #hrc
hfc = -(1 + hfe) #hfc
hoc = hoe #hoe (in Siemens)
Ai = -hfc/(1 + hoc*RL) #Current gain
Ri = hic - hrc*hfc/(hoc + 1/RL) #Input resistance (in ohm)
Av = Ai*RL/Ri #Voltage gain
#Result
print "Input impedance : ",round(Ri * 10**-3,3),"kilo-ohm."
print "Voltage gain : ",round(Av,4),"."
print "Current gain : ",round(Ai,2),"."
#Variables
VCC = 15.0 #Collector supply voltage (in volts)
RB = 100.0 * 10**3 #Base resistance (in ohm)
RE = 1.0 * 10**3 #Emitter resistance (in ohm)
hie = 1100.0 #hie (in ohm)
hfe = 50 #hfe
#Calculation
hic = hie #hic (in ohm)
hfc = -(1 + hfe) #hfc
Zin = (hic - hfc*RE)*RB/((hic - hfc*RE) + RB) #Input impedance (in ohm)
Zout = RE*(-hic/hfc)/(RE - hic/hfc) #Output impedance (in ohm)
Av = -hfc*RE/(hic - hfc*RE) #Voltage gain
Ai = Av*Zin/RE #Current gain
#Result
print "Input impedance : ",round(Zin * 10**-3,3),"kilo-ohm."
print "Outpur impedance : ",round(Zout,1),"ohm."
print "Voltage gain : ",round(Av,4),"."
print "Current gain : ",round(Ai,2),"."
#Calculation mistake in the value of Zout in the book.
#Variables
hre = hoe = 0 #hre
hie = 1.0 * 10**3 #hie (in ohm)
hfe = 100.0 #hfe
VCC = 5.0 #Collector supply voltage (in volts)
R1 = 2.2 * 10**3 #Resistance1 (in ohm)
R2 = 2.2 * 10**3 #Resistance2 (in ohm)
RE = 1.0 * 10**3 #Emitter resistance (in ohm)
#Calculation
hic = hie #hic (in ohm)
hfc = -(1 + hfe) #hfc
hrc = 1 - hre #hrc
hoc = hoe = 0 #hoc
Zin = (hic - hfc*RE)*R1*R2/(((hic - hfc*RE)*(R1+R2))+R1*R2) #Input impedance (in ohm)
Av = -hfc*RE/(hic - hfc*RE) #Voltage gain
#Result
print "Zin : ",round(Zin*10**-3,4),"kilo-ohm."
print "Av : ",round(Av,2),"."