Chapter 28 : Heats of Solution and Mixing

Example 28.1 page no. 869

In [1]:
# Variables
Ref_T = 77. ;			#Reference temperature-[degree F]

#(a)
mol_NH3 = 1. ;			# Moles of NH3 - [lb mol]
mw_NH3 = 17. ;			#Molecular t. of NH3 -[lb]
mw_H2O = 18.  ;			#Molecular t. of H2O -[lb]

# Calculations and Results
f1_NH3 = 3./100 ;			# Fraction of NH3 in solution 
m_H2O = (mw_NH3/f1_NH3) - mw_NH3 ;			# Mass of water in solution -[lb]
mol_H2O = m_H2O/mw_H2O  ;			# Moles of H2O in solution -[lb mol]

print '(a)  Moles of H2O in solution is %.1f  lb mol . '%mol_H2O
print '     As we can see that moles of water is 30 lb mol(approx), hence we will see H_soln from table corresponding to 30 lb mol water . '
H_soln = -14800. ;			# From table given in question in book -[Btu/lb mol NH3]
print '     The amount of cooling needed is, %.0f Btu heat removed. '%(abs(H_soln))

#(b)
V = 100. ;			# Volume of solution produced -[gal]
f2_NH3 = 32./100 ;			# Fraction of NH3 in solution 
sg_NH3 = .889 ;			# Specific gravity of NH3 
sg_H2O = 1.003 ;			# Specific gravity of H2O
d_soln = sg_NH3*62.4*sg_H2O*100/7.48 ;			# Density of solution - [lb / 100 gal]
NH3 = d_soln*f2_NH3/mw_NH3 ;			# Mass of NH3 - [ lb mol/ 100 gal]
m1_H2O = (mw_NH3/f2_NH3) - mw_NH3 ;			# Mass of water in solution -[lb]
mol1_H2O = m1_H2O/mw_H2O  ;			# Moles of H2O in solution -[lb mol]

print ' (b)  Moles of H2O in solution is %.1f  lb mol . '%mol1_H2O
print '     As we can see that moles of water is 2 lb mol , hence we will see H_soln from table corresponding to 2 lb mol water . '
H_soln = -13700 ;			# From table given in question in book -[Btu/lb mol NH3]
total_H = abs(NH3*H_soln) ;			# Total heat removed from solution -[Btu]
print '     The amount of cooling needed is, %.0f Btu heat removed. '%total_H
(a)  Moles of H2O in solution is 30.5  lb mol . 
     As we can see that moles of water is 30 lb mol(approx), hence we will see H_soln from table corresponding to 30 lb mol water . 
     The amount of cooling needed is, 14800 Btu heat removed. 
 (b)  Moles of H2O in solution is 2.0  lb mol . 
     As we can see that moles of water is 2 lb mol , hence we will see H_soln from table corresponding to 2 lb mol water . 
     The amount of cooling needed is, 191826 Btu heat removed. 

Example 28.2 page no. 872

In [7]:
from scipy.integrate import quad
# Variables
p = 100. ;			# Mass of product - [kg]
f_HCl = 25./100 ;			#Fraction of HCl in product 
HCl = f_HCl*p ;			# Mass of HCl in product - [kg]
H2O = (1.-f_HCl)*p  ;			# Mass of H2O in product -[kg]
mw_HCl = 36.37 ;			# Molecular weight of HCl -[kg]
mw_H2O = 18.02 ;			# Molecular weight of H2O -[kg]

# Calculations
mol_HCl = HCl /mw_HCl ;			# Moles of HCl - [kg mol]
mol_H2O = H2O /mw_H2O; 			# Moles of H2O - [kg mol]
total_mol = mol_HCl + mol_H2O ;			# Total no. of moles -[kg mol]
mf_HCl = mol_HCl / total_mol  ;			# mole fraction of HCl 
mf_H2O = mol_H2O / total_mol ; 			# mole fraction of H2O
mr = mol_H2O/mol_HCl ;			# Mole ratio of H2O to HCl 
MW = mf_HCl*mw_HCl + mf_H2O*mw_H2O ;			# Molecular t. of solution-[kg]
Ref_T = 25. ;			#Reference temperature-[degree C]

mol1_HCl = total_mol ;			# Moles of HCl 			# Moles of HCl output -[g mol]
Hf1_HCl = -157753. ;			# Heat of formation of HCl output-[J/ g mol HCl ]
Hf_HCl = -92311. ;			# Heat of formation of HCl input-[J/ g mol HCl ]
Hf_H2O = 0 ;			# Heat of formation of H2O input-[J/ g mol HCl ]
H1_HCl =  556. ;			# Change in enthalpy during temperature change from 25 C to 35 C of HCl - [J/g mol] 

def f(T):
    return (29.13 - 0.134*.01*T)

H_HCl = quad(f,298,393)[0]	# Change in enthalpy during temperature change from 25 C to 120 C of HCl - [J/g mol] 

H_H2O = 0 ;			# Change in enthalpy during temperature change from 25 C to 25 C of H2O - [J/g mol] 

H_in = (Hf_HCl + H_HCl)*mol_HCl  + (Hf_H2O + H_H2O)*mol_H2O ;			# Enthalpy change of input -[J]
H_out = Hf1_HCl*mol_HCl +H1_HCl*mol1_HCl  ;			# Enthalpy change of output -[J]

del_H = H_out - H_in ;			# Net enthalpy change n process - [J]
Q = del_H; 			# By energy balance - [J]

# Results
print 'The amount of heat removed from the absorber by cooling water is, %.0f J. '%Q
print 'It Seems answer is wrong in book'
The amount of heat removed from the absorber by cooling water is, -44159 J. 
It Seems answer is wrong in book

Example 28.3 page no. 875

In [3]:
# Variables
soln1 = 600. ; 			# Mass flow rate of entering solution 1 -[lb/hr]
c1_NaOH = 10./100 ;			# Fraction of NaOH in entering solution 1
T1 = 200. ;			# Temperature at entry 
soln2 = 400. ;			# Mass flow rate of another solution 2 entering -[lb/hr]
c2_NaOH = 50./100 ;			# Fraction of NaOH in another entering solution 2

# Calculations
F = soln1 + soln2; 			# Mass flow rate of final solution - [lb/hr]
F_NaOH =  c1_NaOH * soln1 + c2_NaOH * soln2 ;			# Mass of NaOH in final solution-[lb]
F_H2O = F - F_NaOH ;			# Mass of H2O in final solution-[lb]
H_soln1 = 152. ;			# Specific enthalpy change for solution 1-[Btu/lb]
H_soln2 = 290. ;			# Specific enthalpy change for solution 2-[Btu/lb]
H_F = (soln1*H_soln1 + soln2*H_soln2)/F ;			# Specific enthalpy change for final solution -[Btu/lb]

# Results
print ' (a) The final temperature of the exit solution from figure E28.3 using the obtained condition of final solution is 232 degree F '

cF = F_NaOH*100/F; 			# Concentration of final solution -[wt % NaOH ]
print '  (b) The concentration of final solution is %.0f wt.%% NaOH . '%cF

x = (F*H_F - F*175)/(1158.0 - 175) ;			# H2O evaporated per hour -[lb]
print '  (c) H2O evaporated per hour is %.1f lb . '%x
 (a) The final temperature of the exit solution from figure E28.3 using the obtained condition of final solution is 232 degree F 
  (b) The concentration of final solution is 26 wt.% NaOH . 
  (c) H2O evaporated per hour is 32.8 lb . 
In [3]: