import math
#Variable Declaration
#For Scale reading =10 V, and precise voltage=9.5 V
scale_reading=10 #Scale reading is 10 V
precise_reading=9.5 #Precise voltage is 9.5 V
error=(precise_reading-scale_reading)/scale_reading*100 #Error in percentage form w.r.t reading
error_fullscale=(precise_reading-scale_reading)*100/100 #Error with respect to full scale
print "When scale reading is 10 V and precise voltage is 9.5 V,"
print "Error=-",round(error,1),"% of reading=",error_fullscale, "% of full scale"
print
#For Scale reading =50 V, and precise voltage=51.7 V
scale_reading=50 #Scale reading is 50 V
precise_reading=51.7 #Precise voltage is 51.7 V
error=(precise_reading-scale_reading)/scale_reading*100 #Error in percentage form
error_fullscale=(precise_reading-scale_reading)*100/100
print "When scale reading is 50 V and precise voltage is 51.7 V,"
print "Error= +",round(error,1),"% of reading= +",error_fullscale, "% of full scale"
import math
#Variable Declaration
V=114 #Measured Voltage in V
I=1 #Measured Current in A
W=120 #Full Scale wattage in W
P=V*I #Wattmeter Power
error=P-W #Correction figure
print "Correction figure=",error,"W"
error=error*100/W #Error %
print "Error=",error,"%"
import math
#Variable Declaration
R4=1125.0
R5=4017.9
Vz=6.4
accuracy=100.0/10**6 #100ppm
#Calculation
#Maximum and Minimum values of resistances in ohm
R4max=R4*(1+accuracy)
R4min=R4*(1-accuracy)
R5max=R5*(1+accuracy)
R5min=R5*(1-accuracy)
#Maximum and minimum zener voltages in V
Vzmax=Vz+Vz*0.01/100 #Maximum voltage is Vz+0.01% of Vz
Vzmin=Vz-Vz*0.01/100 #Minimum voltage is Vz-0.01% of Vz
#Maximum and minimum output voltages in V
Vomax=Vzmax*(R5max/(R4min+R5max)) #Output is maximum when Vz is maximum, R5 is minimum and R4 is maximum
Vomin=Vzmin*(R5min/(R4max+R5min)) #Output is minimum when Vzi mimimum, R5 is maximum and R4 is minimum
Vo=Vz*(R5/(R4+R5))
error=round(Vomax-Vo,4) #Deviation of output voltage from theoretical value
#Result
print "Therefore Vo=",int(Vo),"V ±",error*10**6,"micro volt"
import math
#Variable Declaration
Rab=100 #Resistance of wire AB, in ohm
Vb1=3 #Battery B1, terminal voltage(V)
Vb2=1.0190 #Standard Cell Voltage(V)
l=50.95 #Length BC, in cm
#At Calibration
Vbc=Vb2
volt_per_unit_length=Vbc/l #in V/cm
Vab=100*volt_per_unit_length #in V
I=Vab/Rab #Ohm's Law
Vr1=Vb1-Vab #KVL
R1=Vr1/I
#At 94.3cm
Vx=94.3*volt_per_unit_length
#Worst case: Terminal voltage of B2 or B1 may be reversed
#Total voltage producing current flow through standard cell is
Vt=Vb2+Vb1
R2=Vt/(20*10**-6) #Value of resistance R2 to limit standard cell current to a maximum of 20 micro ampere
print "When the potentiometer is calibrated, I=",I*10**3,"mA"
print "R1=",R1,"ohm"
print
print "Vx=",round(Vx,3),"V"
print
print "The value of R2 to limit standard cell current to 20 micro ampere is ",int(R2*10**-3),"kilo ohm"
import math
R3=509.5 #in ohm
R4=290.5 #in ohm
R13=100 #in ohm
l=100 #in cm
Vb2=1.0190 #in V(Standard Cell Voltage)
Vr3=Vb2
I1=Vb2/R3 #Ohm's Law
#Maximum measurable voltage:
Vae=I1*(R3+R4) #Maximum measurable voltage in V
#Resolution
I2=Vae/(8*R13) #in A
Vab=I2*R13
slidewire_vper_length=Vab/l #in V/mm
instrument_resolution=slidewire_vper_length*1 #As contact can be read within 1 mm, 1 is multiplied
print "The instrument can measure a maximum of",Vae,"V"
print "Instrument resolution=±",instrument_resolution*10**2,"mV"