#importing modules
import math
from __future__ import division
#Variable declaration
n1=1.55; #refractive index of core
n2=1.50; #refractive index of cladding
#Calculation
NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2); #numerical aperture
#Result
print "numerical aperture is",round(NA,3)
#importing modules
import math
from __future__ import division
#Variable declaration
n1=1.563; #refractive index of core
n2=1.498; #refractive index of cladding
#Calculation
NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2); #numerical aperture
alpha_i=math.asin(NA); #angle of acceptance(radian)
alpha_i=(alpha_i*180/math.pi); #angle(degrees)
alpha_id=int(alpha_i);
alpha_im=60*(alpha_i-alpha_id);
#Result
print "angle of acceptance is",alpha_id,"degrees",round(alpha_im,1),"minutes"
print "answer varies due to rounding off errors"
#importing modules
import math
from __future__ import division
#Variable declaration
NA=0.39; #numerical aperture
delta=0.05; #difference of indices
#Calculation
n1=NA/math.sqrt(2*delta); #refractive index of core
#Result
print "refractive index of core is",round(n1,4)
print "answer varies due to rounding off errors"
#importing modules
import math
from __future__ import division
#Variable declaration
n1=1.563; #refractive index of core
n2=1.498; #refractive index of cladding
#Calculation
delta=(n1-n2)/n1; #fractional index change
#Result
print "fractional index change is",round(delta,4)
#importing modules
import math
from __future__ import division
#Variable declaration
n1=1.48; #refractive index of core
n2=1.45; #refractive index of cladding
#Calculation
NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2); #numerical aperture
alpha_i=math.asin(NA); #angle of acceptance(radian)
alpha_i=(alpha_i*180/math.pi); #angle(degrees)
alpha_id=int(alpha_i);
alpha_im=60*(alpha_i-alpha_id);
#Result
print "numerical aperture is",round(NA,4)
print "angle of acceptance is",alpha_id,"degrees",round(alpha_im),"minutes"
#importing modules
import math
from __future__ import division
#Variable declaration
Pout=40; #power(mW)
Pin=100; #power(mW)
#Calculation
al=-10*math.log10(Pout/Pin); #attenuation loss(dB)
#Result
print "attenuation loss is",round(al,2),"dB"