#importing modules
import math
from __future__ import division
#Variable declaration
alpha1_alpha2=10*10**8; #difference between pincipal stress(N/m**2)
c=1*10**-12; #stress optic coefficient(m**2/N)
#Calculation
N=c*alpha1_alpha2; #difference between refractive indices
#Result
print "difference between refractive indices is",N
#importing modules
import math
from __future__ import division
#Variable declaration
alpha1=405*10**6; #principal stress(N/m**2)
alpha2=-105*10**6; #principal stress(N/m**2)
#Calculation
tow_max=(alpha1-alpha2)/2; #maximum shearing stress(N/m**2)
#Result
print "maximum shearing stress is",tow_max*10**-6,"*10**6 N/m**2"