import math
#Given that
h = 6.6e-34 # plank's constant
nu = 2e15 # frequency in Hz
phi1 = 6.72e-19
m = 9e-31
print "Standard formula Used ( 1/2)*m*v**2 = h*nu - phi1"
v = math.sqrt((h * nu)/ m ) #calculation of maximum velocity of photoelectron
print " Maximum velocity of photoelectron can be ",v," m/s.. "
import math
#Given that
h = 6.6e-34 # plank's constant
lambda1_threshold = 2.4e-7 # threshold wavelength in cm
lambda1 = 2e-7 # wavelength of irradicated light in photo emmission
c = 3e8
print " Standard formula Used E = h * (nu1 – nu2)"
E = h * c * ((lambda1_threshold - lambda1)/(lambda1 *lambda1_threshold))/1.6e-19 # calculation of nergy of photoelectrons
print " Energy of photoelectrons emitted is ",E," eV"
import math
#Given that
applied_voltage = 4e4 # in volt
h = 6.624e-34 # plank's constant
c = 3e8 # speed of light
e = 1.6e-19 # charge on electron
print " Standard formula Used E = h*c/lambda1"
lambda1 = h * c / ( e * applied_voltage) *1e10 #calculation of Shortest wavelength emitted
print " Shortest wavelength emitted is ",lambda1," Angstrom."
import math
#Given that
E = 1e3 # energy of moving electron in eV
h = 6.624e-34 # plank's constant
c = 3e8 # speed of light
e = 1.6e-19 # charge on electron
m_e = 9.1e-31
print " Standard formula Used E =(1/2)*m *v**2"
v = math.sqrt(2 * E * 1.6e-19/ m_e) #calculation of Velocity of moving electron
print " Velocity of moving electron is ",v," m/s."
import math
#Given that
phi1 = 6 # work function in eV
h = 6.624e-34 # plank's constant
c = 3e8 # speed of light
e = 1.6e-19 # charge on electron
m_e = 9.1e-31
print " Standard formula Used phi1 = h * nu"
lambda1 = h * c / (phi1 * e) * 1e10 #calculation of Longest wavelength to eject electron
print " Longest wavelength to eject electron is ",lambda1," Angstroms. "
import math
#Given that
pi = 3.14
theta1 =pi/2 # scattering angle of photon
h = 6.624e-34 # plank's constant
c = 3e8 # speed of light
e = 1.6e-19 # charge on electron in coloumb
m_e = 9.1e-31 # mass of electron in kg
print " Standard formula Used delta_lambda1 = h * (1 - cos (theta1 )) / ( m_e * c)"
delta_lambda1 = h * (1 - math.cos(theta1 )) /( m_e * c) #calculation of Change in wavelength of electron
print " Change in wavelength of electron is ",round(delta_lambda1*1e10,4)," Angstrom. "
import math
#Given that
angle = pi/2 # scattering angle of photon
h = 6.624e-34 # plank's constant
v = 2e6 # speed of particle
e = 1.6e-19 # charge on electron
m = 1e-3 # mass of particle in kg
print " Standard formula Used lambda1 = h / (m * v)"
lambda1 = h / (m * v) #calculation of de Broglie wavelength of particle
print " de Broglie wavelength of particle is ",lambda1," m."
print " Here the de Broglie wavelength is too small to be detected. This wavelength is far smaller than the wavelength of X ray. Hence diffraction experiment with such a stream of particle will not be successful."
import math
#Given that
lambda1 = 4.3e-7 # wavelength of light in meter
phi1_Ni = 5 # work function of nickel in eV
h = 6.624e-34 # plank's constant
c = 3e8 # speed of light
m_e = 9.1e-31 # mass of electron in kg
lambda1_threshold = h * c / (phi1_Ni*1e-19) #calculation of longest wavelength required
if lambda1_threshold < lambda1:
print " As the threshold wavelength is less than wavelength of incident radiation So electron will not be ejected "
else:
v = math.sqrt((2*h*c*(lambda1-lambda1_threshold))/(m*lambda1_threshold*lambda1)) #calculation of ejected velocity Electron
print " As the threshold wavelength is greater than wavelength of incident radiation So electron will be ejected with velocity ",v,". "
import math
#Given that
lambda1 = 4.3e-7 # wavelength of light in meter
phi1_K = 2.3 # work function of nickel in eV
h = 6.624e-34 # plank's constant
c = 3e8 # speed of light
m_e = 9.1e-31 # mass of electron in kg
lambda1_threshold = h * c / (phi1_K *1.6e-19) #calculation of longest wavelength required
if lambda1_threshold < lambda1:
print "As the threshold wavelength is less than wavelength of incident radiation Solectron will not be ejected "
else:
v = math.sqrt((2* h * c *( lambda1_threshold - lambda1)) / (m_e * lambda1_threshold * lambda1 )) #calculation of ejected velocity Electron
print " As the threshold wavelength is greater than wavelength of incident radiation So electron will be ejected with velocity ",v," m/s. "
import math
#Given that
d = 3.04 # inter layer separation in Angstrom
theta1 = 14.7 # in degree
n = 2 # order of brags reflection
print " Standard formula Used 2 * d * sin(theta1) = n * lambda1"
lambda1 = 2 * d * math.sin( theta1 * (pi /180))/ n #calculation of wavelength making second order Braggs reflection
print " Second order brags reflection occurs at ",theta1," degree for the wavelength ",lambda1," Angstrom "
import math
#Given that
lambda1 = 0.52 # wavelength in angstrom
theta1 = 5 # in degree
n = 1 # order of brags reflection
print " Standard formula Used 2 * d * sin(theta1) = n * lambda1 "
d = n * lambda1 / (2 * math.sin (theta1 * pi / 180))
#calculation of separation between adjacent layers of crystals
print " Separation between adjacent layers of crystals is ",d," angstrom. "
import math
#Given that
n = 2 # order
lambda1 = 5.2e-11 # wavelength in Angstrom
d = 2.98e-10 # interatomic separation in Angstrom
print " Standard formula Used 2 * d * sin(theta1) = n * lambda1 "
theta1_rad = math.asin ( (n * lambda1) / ( 2 * d)) #calculation of angle for secondary maxima in radian
theta1_deg = theta1_rad * 180 / pi #calculation of angle for secondary maxima in degree
print " Angle for secondary maxima is ",theta1_deg,". "
import math
#Given that
nu = 3.2e19 # frequency in hartz
theta1 = 90 # angle of scattered photon in degree
m_e = 9.1e-31 # mass of electron in Kg
c = 3e8 # speed of light in m/s
h = 6.626e-34 # plank's constant
print " Standard formula Used delta_lambda1 = h * (1 - math.cos (theta1 )) / ( m_e * c)"
lambda1 = c / nu #calculation of incident wavelength
lambda1_shift = h *(1 - math.cos(theta1 * pi / 180))/ ( m_e * c) #calculation of shift in wavelength
lambda11 = lambda1 + lambda1_shift #calculation of wavelength of scattered photon
nu1 = c / lambda11 #calculation of Frequency after scattering
print " Frequency after scattering is ",nu1," Hz. "
import math
#Given that
r = 1e-14 # radius of nucleus of atom in meter
h = 6.626e-34 # Plank's constant
print " Standard formula Used delta_p * delta_x >= h /(2*pi)"
del_x = 2 * r #calculation of Uncertainty in position
del_p = h / (2 * pi * del_x) #calculation of Uncertainty in momentum
print " Uncertainty in momentum is ",del_p," Kg-m/s. "
import math
#Given that
v = 300 # speed of electron in m/s
accuracy = 1e-4 # accuracy in speed
h = 6.6e-34 # Plank's constant
m_e = 9.1e-31 # mass of electron in Kg
print " Standard formula Used delta_p * delta_x >= h /(2*pi)"
del_p = accuracy * m_e * v #calculation of Uncertainty in momentum
del_x = h / (4 * pi * del_p) #calculation of Uncertainty in position
print " Uncertainty in position of electron is ",del_x*1000," mm. "
import math
#Given that
lambda11 = 6560 # wavelength in Angstrom
n1 = 1 # transition state no
n2 = 2 # transition state no
n3 = 3 # transition state no.
print " Standard formula Used For Balmer Series 1/lambda1 = R*(1-(1/n)**2) For Lyman series 1/lambda1 = R*((1/2)**2 -(1/n)**2)"
lambda12 = (n2**2 * n1**2) *(n3**2 - n2**2) /( (n2**2 - n1**2) * (n3**2 * n2**2)) * lambda11 #calculation of Wavelength of first line of Lyman series
print " Wavelength of first line of Lyman series is ",lambda12," Angstrom. "
import math
#Given that
m = 2e-3 # mass of linear harmonic oscillator in kg
k = 100 # spring constant in N/m
h = 6.6e-34 # Plank's constant
print " Standard formula Used f = math.sqrt(k / m ) U = 1/2* h * nu "
nu1 = math.sqrt(k / m ) / (2 * pi) #calculation of frequency of linear harmonic oscillator
U = 1/2* h * nu1 #calculation of Zero point energy of a linear harmonic oscillator
print " Zero point energy of a linear harmonic oscillator is ",U," J."
import math
#Given that
R = 1.097 # Rydberg’s constant
n1 = 1 # transition state no
n2 = 2 # transition state no
print " Standard formula Used For Lyman series 1/lambda1 = R*((1/2) **2 - (1/n) **2)"
nu1 = R * (n2**2 - n1**2) / (n1**2 * n2**2) #calculation of frequency of first line of Lyman series
lambda11 = 1/ nu1 #calculation of Wavelength of first line of Lyman series
print " Wavelength of first line of Lyman series is ",lambda11 *1000," Angstrom. "
import math
#Given that
R = 1.097 # Rydberg’s constant
n1 = 1 # transition state no
n2 = 3 # transition state no
print " Standard formula Used For Lyman series 1/lambda1 = R*((1/2)**2 -(1/n)**2)"
nu1 = R * (n2**2 - n1**2) / (n1**2 * n2**2) #calculation of frequency of first line of Lyman series
lambda11 = 1/ nu1 #calculation of Wavelength of first line of Lyman series
print " Wavelength of second line of Lyman series is ",lambda11 *1000 ," Angstrom. "
import math
#Given that
lambda11 = 4700 # wavelength in Angstrom
lambda12 = 1.4e-5 #wavelength in cm
temp1 = 6174 # temperature of a black of in kelvin
print " Standard formula Used lambda1 * T = constant"
temp2 = lambda11 * temp1 / (lambda12 * 1e8) #calculation of temperature
print " Blackbody will emit wavelength 1.4e-5 cm at ",temp2," K."
import math
#Given that
lambda1 = 1 # wavelength in Angstrom
theta1 = 90 # angle of scattered photon in degree
m_e = 9.11e-31 # mass of electron in Kg
c = 3e8 # speed of light in m/s
h = 6.63e-34 # plank's constant
print " Standard formula Used delta_lambda1 = h * (1 - math.cos (theta1 )) / ( m_e * c)"
lambda1_shift = h *(1 - math.cos(theta1 * pi / 180))/ ( m_e * c) #calculation of Change in frequency
print " Change in frequency is ",round(lambda1_shift * 1e10,4)," Hz. "
import math
#Given that
lambda11 = 1 # wavelength in Angstrom
lambda12 = 1.0243 # wavelength in Angstrom
c = 3e8 # speed of light in m/s
h = 6.63e-34 # plank's constant
print " Standard formula Used E= h *(nu1 – nu2)"
K = h * c * (( lambda12 - lambda11 )/ (lambda11 * lambda12 )) *(10e9 / 1.6e-19) #calculation of Kinetic energy imparted to recoiling
print " Kinetic energy imparted to recoiling electron is ",round(K,4)," eV."
import math
#Given that
theta1 = 90 # angle of scattered photon in degree
E_rest = 938.3 # rest mass energy of a proton in MeV
E = 12 # energy of scattered proton in Mev
c = 3e8 # speed of light in m/s
h = 6.63e-34 # plank's constant
print " Standard formula Used delta_lambda1 = h * (1 - math.cos (theta1 )) / ( m_e * c)"
lambda1 = h * c / ( E * 1.6e-13) #calculation of incident wavelength
lambda11 = lambda1 + h * c / (E_rest * 1.6e-13) #calculation of wavelength of scattered photon
print " wavelength of scattered photon is ",round(lambda11 * 1e10,4)," Angstrom. "
import math
#Given that
lambda11 = 1.321 # wavelength of L- alpha line for platinum
lambda12 = 4.174 # wavelength of l - alpha line of unknown substance
z1= 78 # atomic number of platinum
c = 3e8 # speed of light in m/s
b = 7.4 # constant for L - alpha line
print " Standard formula Used math.sqrt(nu1)= a*(Z-b)"
z2 = b + (z1 - b) * math.sqrt(lambda11 / lambda12) #calculation of the unknown substance has atomic number
print" The unknown substance has atomic number ",round(z2,4),". "
import math
#Given that
h = 6.6e-34 # plank's constant
m_e = 9.1e-31 # mass of electron in kg
L = 1e-10 # length of box of particle in m
print " Standard formula Used E= h**2 * (n_x**2+n_y**2+n_z**2) / (8*m*L**2)"
sum = 0
n_y = 1
for n_x in range(1,3):
for n_z in range(1,2):
sum = n_x+n_y+n_z
if sum<6:
E = h**2 * (n_x**2+n_y**2+n_z**2)/ (1.6e-19*8*m_e*L**2) # calculation of energy
print " E",n_x,"",n_y,"",n_z," is ",round(E,4)," eV. "