Chapter 3: Signal degradation in optical fibers

Example 3.1, Page Number: 91

In [1]:
import math

#variable declaration
Z1 = 1.0                               #distance (km)
Z2 = 2.0                               #distance (km)
alpha_in_dB_per_km = 3.0               #loss(dB/km)

#calculation
R1 = (alpha_in_dB_per_km *Z1)/10.0     
R2 = (alpha_in_dB_per_km *Z2)/10.0
P0_Pz1 = (10**R1)                      #power loss at 1 km
P0_Pz2 = (10**R2)                      #power loss at 2 km
Pz_P01 = 1-(1/P0_Pz1)
Pz_P02 = 1-(1/P0_Pz2)

#result
print "Optical signal power decresed for 1km = " , round(Pz_P01*100,0) , "%"
print "Optical signal power decresed for 2km = " , round(Pz_P02*100,0) , "%"

Optical signal power decresed for 1km =  50.0 %
Optical signal power decresed for 2km =  75.0 %

Example 3.2, Page Number: 91

In [2]:
import math

#variable declaration
Pin = 200*10**-6                       #power launched into the fiber(uW)
alpha = 0.4                            #attenuation (dB/KM)
z = 30                                 #optical fiber length 30 KM

#calculation
Pin_dBm = 10*(math.log10(Pin/10**-3))                #input power (dBm)
Pout_dBm = 10*(math.log10(Pin/10**-3))-alpha*z       #output power(dBm)
Pout = 10**(Pout_dBm/10)

#result
print "Input power = " , round(Pin_dBm,1),"dBm"
print "Output power = " , round(Pout_dBm,1),"dBm"
print "Output power = " , round(Pout*10**3,1),"um"

Input power =  -7.0 dBm
Output power =  -19.0 dBm
Output power =  12.6 um

Example 3.3, Page Number: 97

In [3]:
import math

#variable declaration
alpha_0 = 1.64                     #attenuation at Lam_bda_0 in dB/KM
Lam_bda_0 = 850*10**-9             #wavelength 850 nm
Lam_bda1 = 1310*10**-9             #wavelength 1350 nm
Lam_bda2 = 1550*10**-9             #waavelength 1550 nm 

#calculation
alpha_Lambda1 = alpha_0*((Lam_bda_0/Lam_bda1)**4)    #rayleigh scattering loss1(dB/Km)
alpha_Lambda2 = alpha_0*((Lam_bda_0/Lam_bda2)**4)    #rayleigh scattering loss2(dB/Km)

#result
print "Rayleigh scattering loss alpha at 1310 nm = " , round(alpha_Lambda1,3),"dB/Km"
print "Rayleigh scattering loss alpha at 1550 nm = " , round(alpha_Lambda2,3),"dB/Km"

Rayleigh scattering loss alpha at 1310 nm =  0.291 dB/Km
Rayleigh scattering loss alpha at 1550 nm =  0.148 dB/Km

Example 3.4, Page Number: 99

In [27]:
import math

#variable declaration
alpha = 2                             #graded index profile
n2 = 1.5                              #cladding
Lam_bda = 1.3*10**-6                  #wavelength
R = 0.01                              #bend radius of curvature
a = 25*10**-6                         #core radius
delta = 0.01                          #core cladding index profile
k = 4.83*10**6                        #propagation constant

#calculation
no_of_modes= -10000.0                                     #number of modes decreased by 50% in greded index fibre
part1 = (alpha+2)/(2*alpha*delta)
part2 = (1-no_of_modes)/part1                             #Right side of equation
part3 = (2*a/R)+math.floor((3/(2*n2*k*R))**(2/3))*100     #left side of equation

#result
print "From equation part2 =",round(part2,1),"= part3 =",round(part3,1)
print "Radius of curvature  = ", round(R*100,1),"cm"

From equation part2 = 100.0 = part3 = 100.0
Radius of curvature  =  1.0 cm

Example 3.5, Page Number: 103

In [4]:
import math

#variable declaration
C = 3*10**8                             #free space velocity(m/s) 
n1 = 1.48                               #core refractive index
n2 = 1.465                              #cladding refractive index
delta = 0.01                            #index difference
L = 10**3                               #fiber length (Km)

#calculation
deltaT = (L*(n1**2)/(C*n2))*delta       #pulse broadening(ns/Km)

#result
print "Pulse broadening = " , round((deltaT/L)*10**12,0),"ns/Km"

Pulse broadening =  50.0 ns/Km

Example 3.6, Page Number: 104

In [5]:
import math

#variable declaration
n1 = 1.48                                 #core refractive index
n2 = 1.465                                #cladding refractive index
delta = 0.01                              #index difference
C =3*(10**8)                              #free space velcotiy(m/s)

#calculation
BL = (n2/(n1**2))*(C/delta)               #bit rate distance product(Mb/s-km)

#result
print "Bandwidth distance at pulse spreding of 50ns/km = " , round(BL*10**-9),"Mb/s-km"

Bandwidth distance at pulse spreding of 50ns/km =  20.0 Mb/s-km

Example 3.7, Page Number: 107

In [10]:
import math

#variable declaration
Lamda = 800*10**-9                         #Wavelength (m)
sigma_Lamda_LED = 40*10**-9                #spectral width (m)
mat_dispersion = 0.00011                   #material dispersion     

#calculation
pulse_spread = sigma_Lamda_LED*mat_dispersion  #pulse spread(ns/km)

#result
print "Material dispersion =" ,round(pulse_spread*10**12,1),"ns/km"

Material dispersion = 4.4 ns/km

Example 3.8, Page Number: 110

In [11]:
import math

#variable declaration
n2 = 1.48                             #index of cladding
delta = 0.002                         #index difference
Lam_bda = 1320*10**-9                 #Wavelength (nm)
V_dVb_dV = 0.26                       #The value in square brackets for v = 2.4
C =3*10**8                            #velocity of light in free space

#calculation
Dwg_Lamda = -(((n2*delta)/C)*(1/Lam_bda))*V_dVb_dV    #waveguide dispersion(ps/nm*km)

#result
print "Waveguide dispersion = " ,round(Dwg_Lamda*10**6,1),"ps/(nm*km)"

Waveguide dispersion =  -1.9 ps/(nm*km)