#Variable Declaration
Eg=24.0; #Generated voltage in V
Ri=0.01; #Internal Resistance in Ω
P=100; #Power supplied in watts
#Calculations
# (i)
I=P/Eg; #Load current in A
V_Ri=I*Ri; #Voltage drop in internal resistance
# (ii)
V=Eg-(I*Ri); #Terminal Voltage
#Results
print ("The voltage drop in internal resistance is %.4f V"%V_Ri);
print ("The terminal voltage is %.2f V"%V);
#Variable declaration
Eg=500.0; #Generated voltage in V
Ri=1000.0; #Internal Resistance in Ω
#Calculations
# (i)
RL=10; #Load resistance of case 1 in Ω
I= Eg/(RL+Ri); #Load current in A
print("The load current for RL=10Ω is %.3f A"%I);
# (ii)
RL=50; #Load resistance of case 2 in Ω
I= Eg/(RL+Ri); #Load current in A
print("The load current for RL=50Ω is %.3f A"%I);
# (iii)
RL=100; #Load resistance of case 3 in Ω
I= Eg/(RL+Ri); #Load current in A
I=round(I,3);
print("The load current for RL=100Ω is %.3f A"%I);
#Variable declaration
E=10.0; #voltage of voltage source in V
Ri=10.0; #Internal Resistance of the voltage source in Ω
#Calculation
Isc=E/Ri; #short circuit current in A
I=Isc; #Current value of current source in A
R=Ri; #Internal Resistence of the current source in Ω
#Results
print("The current value of the current source= %d A"%Isc);
print("The internal resistance of the current source =%d Ω "%R);
#Variable declaration
I=6.0; # current value of current source in mA
Ri=2000.0; #Internal Resistance of the current source in Ω
#Calcultion
V=(I/1000)*Ri; #Voltage of voltage source in V
R=Ri; #Internal resistance of voltage source in Ω
#Results
print("The voltage of voltage source is %d V"%V);
print("The internal resistance of the voltage source is %d Ω"%R);
#variable declaration
E=200.0; #Generated voltage in V
Ri=100.0; #Internal Resistance of generator in Ω
#Calculations
#(i)
RL=100; #Load resistance for 1st case in Ω
I=E/(RL+Ri); #Load current in 1st case A
P=(I*I)*RL; #Power delivered to load of 2nd case in watts
Pt=(I*I)*(Ri+RL); #Total power generated in watts
print("Power delivered for RL=100Ω is %d watts"%P);
print("Total power generated for RL=100Ω is %d watts"%Pt);
#(ii)
RL=300; #Load resistance for 2nd case in Ω
I=E/(RL+Ri); #Load current in 2nd case in A
P=(I*I)*RL; #Power delivered to load of 2nd case in watts
Pt=(I*I)*(Ri+RL); #Total power generated in watts
print("Power delivered for RL=300Ω is %d watts"%P);
print("Total power generated for RL=300Ω is %d watts"%Pt);
#Variable declaration
V=12.0; #Output from amplifier in V
R_out_eq=15; #Equivalent resistance in Ω
#Calculations
RL=R_out_eq; #Load resistance in Ω
Rt=RL+R_out_eq; #Total resistance in Ω
I=V/Rt; #Circuit current in A
PL=pow(I,2)*RL; #Power delivered to load in W
#Results
print("Load resistance required is = %d Ω"%RL);
print("Power delivered to load = %.1f W"%PL);
#Variable declaration
V=50.0; #voltage from ac generator in V
R=100.0; #Resistance of internal impedance in Ω
XL=50.0; #inductive reactance of internal impedance in Ω
#Calculation
Zi=100+(50j); #Internal impedance in complex form (Ω)
ZL=conjugate(Zi); #Load impedance (conjugate of internal impedance ) in Ω
Zt=Zi+ZL; #Total impedance in Ω
I=real(V/Zt); #Circuit current in A
Max_Power=pow(I,2)*R; #Maximum power transferred to the load in watts
#Results
print ("Load impedance %d %dj Ω"%(real(ZL),imag(ZL)));
print("Maximum power transferred to the load =%.2f W"%Max_Power);
#Function for calculating parallel resistance
def pR(R1,R2):
return((R1*R2)/(R1+R2));
#Variable declaration
E=100.0; #Source voltage in V
R1=10.0; #Resistance of resistor 1 in Ω
R2=20.0; #Resistance of resistor 2 in Ω
R3=12.0; #Resistance of resistor 3 in Ω
R4=8.0; #Resistance of resistor 4 in Ω
RL=100.0; #Resistance of load in Ω
#Calculation
Req=R1+pR(R3+R4,R2); #Equivalent resistance after removing RL ,in Ω
I=E/Req; #Total circuit current in A
I8=I*R2/(R2+R3+R4);
#Thevenin's equivalent circuit's parameters
E0=I8*R4; #Thevenin voltage V
R0=pR(pR(R1,R2)+R3,R4); #Thevenin resistance
I_RL=E0/(R0+RL); #Load current in A
#Result
print ("Current through load = %.2f A."%I_RL);
#Function for calculating parallel resistance
def pR(R1,R2):
return((R1*R2)/(R1+R2));
#Variable declaration
V=20.0; #Voltage source in V
R1=1000.0; #resistance of resistor 1 in Ω
R2=1000.0; #resistance of resistor 2 in Ω
R3=1000.0; #resistance of resistor 3 in Ω
#calculation
#parameter for Thevenin's equivalent circuit
E0=(V*R3)/(R1+R3); #thevenin voltage in V
R0=pR(R1,R3)+R2; #Thevenins resistance in Ω
#result
print("The thevenin voltage = %d V"%E0);
print("The thevenin resistance = %d Ω"%R0);
#Variable declaration
V=120.0; #Supply voltage in V
R1=40.0; #Resistor 1's resistance in Ω
R2=20.0; #Resistor 2's resistance in Ω
R3=60.0; #Resistor 3's resistance in Ω
#Calculations
#Using Thevenin's theorem, Thevenin's voltage and resistance are calculated
E0=(V*R2)/(R1+R2); #Thevenin voltage (voltage across the load resistance RL, after removing RL)in V
R0=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2) + R3; #Thevenin's resistance (Resistance between the terminals of load RL, with RL removed and source voltage shorted)in Ω
RL=R0; #Value of load resistance to be connected for maximum power transfer in Ω
Pmax=pow(E0,2)/(4*RL); #Maximum power transferred to load in watts
#Results
print("The value of load resistance RL to which maximum power will be transferred = %.2f Ω."%RL);
print("The maximum power transferred to load =%.2f W."%Pmax);
#Variable declaration
V=80.0; #Supply voltage in V
R1=100.0; #Resistor 1's resistance in Ω
R2=100.0; #Resistor 2's resistance in Ω
R3=30.0; #Resistor 3's resistance in Ω
R4=80.0; #Resistor 4's resistance in Ω
R5=20.0; #Resistor 5's resistance in Ω
R6=60.0; #Resistor 6's resistance in Ω
R7=20.0; #Resistor 7's resistance in Ω
R8=50.0; #Resistor 8's resistance in Ω
#Calculations
#Using Thevenin's theorem,
E0=(V*R2)/(R1+R2); #Thevenin's voltage for the circuit containing V, R1, R2 in V.
R0=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2); #Thevenin's resistance for R1, R2 in Ω.
#Using Thevenin's theorem again on E0, R0 and rest of the circuit resistors.
E0_1=(E0*R4)/(R0+R3+R4); #Thevenin's voltage for the cicruit containing E0, R0, R3, R4 in V
R0_1=((R0+R3)*R4)/(R0+R3+R4); #Thevenin's resistance of R0,R3,R4 (R0 and R3 in series and both in parallel with R4), in Ω
#Using Thevenin's theorem again on E0_1, R0_1, and rest of the circuit resistors.
E0_2=(E0_1*R6)/(R0_1+R5+R6); #Thevenin's voltage for the circuit containing E0_1, R0_1, R5, R6 in V
R0_2=((R0_1+R5)*R6)/(R0_1+R5+R6); #Thevenin's resistance of R0_1,R5,R6 (R0 and R3 in series and both in parallel with R4), in Ω
I_50=E0_2/(R0_2+R7+R8); #Current through the 50 Ω resistor in A
#Results
print("The current through the 50 Ω resistor =%.1f A."%I_50);
from math import floor
#Variable declaration
V=40.0; #Voltage supply in V
R1=4.0; #Resistor 1's resistance in Ω
R2=6.0; #Resistor 2's resistance in Ω
R3=5.0; #Resistor 3's resistance in Ω
R4=8.0; #Resistor 4's resistance in Ω
#Calculation
#Using Norton's theorem,
#calculating Norton current by removing the load resistance R4 and short circuiting those two terminals of the circuit
R=R1 + (R2*R3)/(R2+R3); #Load on source after removing R4 resistor, in Ω
I=V/R; #Source current in A
#Using current dividing rule ,calculating the short circuit current.
I_N=(I*R2)/(R2+R3); #Norton's equivalent current or the short circuit current in A
R_N=R3 + (R1*R2)/(R1+R2); #Norton's equivalent resistance in Ω
I_8=(I_N*R_N)/(R_N+R4); #Current through the 8 Ω resistance in A
#Results
print("The current through the 8Ω resistance =%.2f A."%I_8);
#Note: The answer in the book is 1.55 A, but in the above code the approximate value is obtained, i.e not 1.55A but 1.56A
#Variable declaration
V1=30.0; #Voltage source 1, V
V2=18.0; #Voltage source 2, V
R1=20.0; #1st resistor, Ω
R2=10.0; #2nd resistor, Ω
#Calculations
#Finding Thevenin's Equivalent circuit
I=(V1-V2)/(R1+R2); #Current in the circuit, A
#Applying Kirchhoff's voltage law to 1st loop of the circuit,
#V1-I*R1-E0=0, where E0 is the voltage across the points X-Y.
E0=V1-I*R1; #Thevenin's voltage source, V
R0=R1*R2/(R1+R2); #Thevenin's resistance, Ω
#Finding Norton's equivalent circuit
IN=E0/R0; #Norton's equivalent current source, A
RN=R0; #Norton's equivanlent resistance, Ω
#Result
print("IN=%.1fA and RN=%.2f Ω"%(IN,RN));