Chapter 10: Curves

ch-10 page 379 pb-1

In [1]:
#ch-10 page 379   pb-1
from __future__ import division

import math

r=275;
t=24;
l=1320.5;

tl=r*math.tan((t/2)*(math.pi/180));
print('Tangent length =',tl);
llc=2*r*math.sin((t/2)*(math.pi/180));
print('Length long of cord=',llc);
loc=(math.pi*r*t/180);
print('Length of curve =',loc)
coc=l-tl;
ct=coc+loc;
print('chainage of commencement =',coc);
print('chainage of tangency =',ct);
k=math.cos((t/2)*math.pi/180);
ad=r*((1/k)-1);
print('apex distance =',ad)
k1=math.cos((t/2)*(math.pi/180))
vsc=r*(1-k1);
print('versed sine of curve is',vsc);

('Tangent length =', 58.45305445925609)
('Length long of cord=', 114.35142994976763)
('Length of curve =', 115.19173063162576)
('chainage of commencement =', 1262.046945540744)
('chainage of tangency =', 1377.2386761723697)
('apex distance =', 6.143663587883047)
('versed sine of curve is', 6.009409798203436)

ch-10 page 379,380 pb-2

In [2]:
#ch-10 page 379,380   pb-2
from __future__ import division

import math
ac=45.5;cb=75.5;
#a

t=cb-ac;
l1=1719;
l=2760;

#b
r=l1/3;
print('radius of curve ',r);

#c
tl=r*math.tan((t/2)*(math.pi/180));
print('Tangent length =',tl);
#d
loc=(math.pi*r*t/180);
print('Length of curve =',loc)
#e
llc=2*r*math.sin((t/2)*(math.pi/180));
print('Length long of cord=',llc);

#f,g
coc=l-tl;
ct=coc+loc;
print('chainage of commencement =',coc);
print('chainage of tangency =',ct);

#h

half=0.5*llc;
print('length of each half =',half);

ini=30;

k=math.sqrt(r*r-(half*half));
o=r-k
k1=r-o;
O30=(math.sqrt(r*r-(ini*ini)))-k1;
O60=(math.sqrt(r*r-(2*ini*2*ini)))-k1;
     
O90=(math.sqrt(r*r-(3*ini*3*ini)))-k1;
O120=(math.sqrt(r*r-(4*ini*4*ini)))-k1;
Oh=(math.sqrt(r*r-(half*half)))-k1;

print('O30=',O30,'O60=',O60,'O90=',O90,'O120=',O120,'O148.3=',Oh);

('radius of curve ', 573.0)
('Tangent length =', 153.5348872630333)
('Length of curve =', 300.02209841782525)
('Length long of cord=', 296.60662568748876)
('chainage of commencement =', 2606.4651127369666)
('chainage of tangency =', 2906.487211154792)
('length of each half =', 148.30331284374438)
('O30=', 18.738622298863106, 'O60=', 16.374481794326243, 'O90=', 12.412299602376265, 'O120=', 6.81817453294525, 'O148.3=', 0.0)

ch-10 page 381 pb-3

In [3]:
from __future__ import division

import math

a=126.8;
t=180-a;
r=300;
#b
tl=r*math.tan((t/2)*(math.pi/180));
print('Tangent length =',tl);

#c
loc=(math.pi*r*t/180);
print('Length of curve =',loc)

#d
l=510.23;
ct1=l-tl;
ct2=ct1+loc;

print('chainage of T1=',ct1);
print('chainage of T2=',ct2);

#f
n=9;
b=30;
cc=ct1+270;
lfsc=ct2-cc;
print('chainage covered=',cc);
print('Length of final sub cord=',lfsc);

O1=(b*b)/(2*r);
O2=(b*b)/r;

O10=(lfsc*(b+lfsc))/(2*r);

print('first ofset=',O1);
print('second ofset=',O2);
print('tenth ofset=',O10);

('Tangent length =', 150.2288093231531)
('Length of curve =', 278.55454861829503)
('chainage of T1=', 360.00119067684693)
('chainage of T2=', 638.555739295142)
('chainage covered=', 630.0011906768469)
('Length of final sub cord=', 8.55454861829503)
('first ofset=', 1.5)
('second ofset=', 3.0)
('tenth ofset=', 0.5496946010193738)

ch-10 page 382 pb-4

In [4]:
from __future__ import division

import math

ab=30;bc=90;cd=140;
l1=250;l2=150;l3=325;

abc=210-bc;
t1=0.5*abc;
bcd=270-cd;
t2=0.5*bcd;
t3=180-(t1+t2);


k=(math.sin(t2*(math.pi/180)))/(math.sin(t3*(math.pi/180)));
OB=l2*k;
k1=(math.sin(t1*(math.pi/180)))/(math.sin(t3*(math.pi/180)));
OC=l2*k1;
print(OB,OC);
R=OB*(math.sin(t1*(math.pi/180)));
print('Radius R=',R);

BT1=OB*(math.cos(t1*(math.pi/180)));
CT1=OC*(math.cos(t2*(math.pi/180)));

print('Tangent length BT1=',BT1);
print('Tangent length CT1=',CT1);


       

(165.95962740164575, 158.58327092428829)
('Radius R=', 143.72525333242524)
('Tangent length BT1=', 82.97981370082289)
('Tangent length CT1=', 67.02018629917711)

ch-10 page 383 pb-5

In [5]:
from __future__ import division

import math

r=400;
t1=15;t2=30;t3=60;
ct=900;
l=320;
BT2=r*(math.tan((t1)*math.pi/180));
CT2=l-BT2;

r1=(CT2)/(math.tan((t2)*math.pi/180));

print('R1=',r1);
t1t2=(math.pi*r*t2)/(180);

t2t3=(math.pi*r1*t3)/(180);

print('length of arc T1T2=',t1t2);
print('length of arc T2T3=',t2t3);


ct1=ct-BT2;
ct3=ct1+t1t2+t2t3;

print('chainage of T1=',ct1);
print('chainage of T3=',ct3);

('R1=', 368.61561236693893)
('length of arc T1T2=', 209.43951023931953)
('length of arc T2T3=', 386.0133666034928)
('chainage of T1=', 792.8203230275509)
('chainage of T3=', 1388.2731998703632)

ch-10 page 384 pb-6

In [6]:
from __future__ import division

import math

r1=400;
t1=30;d=200;
ct1=1500;
k=1-(math.cos(t1*(math.pi/180)))
T1G=r1*(k);

r2=(d-T1G)/k;
print('R2=',r2);

t1t2=(math.pi*r1*t1)/180;
t2t3=(math.pi*r2*t1)/180;
print('length of arc T1T2=',t1t2);
print('length of arc T2T3=',t2t3);

ct2=ct1+t1t2;
ct3=ct2+t2t3;

print('chainage of point of reverse curvature =',ct2);
print('chainage of finishing point T3=',ct3);

('R2=', 1092.8203230275515)
('length of arc T1T2=', 209.43951023931953)
('length of arc T2T3=', 572.1993830861634)
('chainage of point of reverse curvature =', 1709.4395102393196)
('chainage of finishing point T3=', 2281.638893325483)

ch-10 page 385 pb-7

In [7]:
from __future__ import division

import math

a1=135;a2=145;
t1=180-a1;
t2=180-a2;
t3=180-(t1+t2);
r1=400;r2=200;
ct=1000;

ED=r1*(math.tan((t1/2)*(math.pi/180)));

FD=r2*(math.tan((t2/2)*(math.pi/180)));

EF=ED+FD;

print('EF=',EF);

BE=EF*(math.sin(t2*(math.pi/180)))/(math.sin(t3*(math.pi/180)));

BF=EF*(math.sin(t1*(math.pi/180)))/(math.sin(t3*(math.pi/180)))


ct1=ct-(BE+ED);

cd=ct1+((math.pi*r1*t1)/(180));

ct2=cd+((math.pi*r2*t2)/(180));

print('chainage of T1=',ct1);
print('chainage of D=',cd);
print('chainage of T2',ct2);

('EF=', 228.7451827250347)
('chainage of T1=', 701.0877129159065)
('chainage of D=', 1015.2469782748858)
('chainage of T2', 1137.4200259144889)

ch-10 page 386 pb-8

In [8]:
from __future__ import division

import math

t1=30.5;
t2=40.5;
EF=175;
cb=1500;

k1=math.tan((t1/2)*(math.pi/180));
k2=math.tan((t2/2)*(math.pi/180));

r=EF/(k1+k2);
print('Radius R=',r);

et1=r*k1;
ft2=r*k2;

t3=180-(t1+t2);
print('angle Theta=',t3);
k3=(math.sin(t2*(math.pi/180)))/(math.sin(t3*(math.pi/180)));
k4=(math.sin(t1*(math.pi/180)))/(math.sin(t3*(math.pi/180)));

be=EF*k3;
bf=EF*k4;

t1d=(math.pi*r*t1)/180;
dt2=(math.pi*r*t2)/180;

print('curve length T1D=',t1d);
print('curve length DT2=',dt2);

ct1=cb-(be+et1);

ct2=ct1+t1d+dt2;
print('chainage of T1=',ct1);
print('chainage of T2=',ct2)

('Radius R=', 272.7765415715475)
('angle Theta=', 109.0)
('curve length T1D=', 145.2058875651141)
('curve length DT2=', 192.814375291381)
('chainage of T1=', 1305.430383812096)
('chainage of T2=', 1643.4506466685912)

ch-10 page 387 pb-9

In [9]:
from __future__ import division

import math

t1=80-70;
l=50;
k=1/(math.cos(20*(math.pi/180)));

k1=k*(math.sin(t1*(math.pi/180)));
t3=math.asin(k1);
t3=t3*(180/(math.pi));
print('theta 3=',t3);

t3=180-t3;
t2=180-(t3+t1);

r=l*(math.sin(t1*(math.pi/180)))/(math.sin(0.6*(math.pi/180)));
print('Radius R=',r);

('theta 3=', 10.649036741314365)
('Radius R=', 829.124128893828)

ch-10 page 388 pb-10

In [10]:
from __future__ import division

import math

sp=80;
v=(sp*1000)/(60*60);
cr=(1/8);
g=9.81;
a=60;

#a

r=(v*v)/(g*cr);
print('radius of circular curvature=',r);

#b
k=0.3;
l=(v*v*v)/(k*r);
print('length of transistion curve =',l);

sa=l/(2*r);
sa=sa*(180/(math.pi));
print('spiral angle=',sa);
ca=a-(2*sa);
print('central angle=',ca);

lcc=(math.pi*r*ca)/180;
print('length of circular curve =',lcc);

s=(l*l)/(24*r);
print('shift of curve =',s);
ag=a/2;
t=(r+s)*(math.tan(ag*(math.pi/180)))+(l/2);
print('tangent length =',t);
#c
cip=1150;
c1t=cip-t;
c1j=c1t+l;
c2j=c1j+lcc;
c2t=c2j+l;

print('chainage of 1st tangent point =',c1t);
print('chainage of 2nd tangent point =',c2t);

print('chainage of 1st junction point =',c1j);
print('chainage of 2nd junction point =',c2j);

('radius of circular curvature=', 402.713280728911)
('length of transistion curve =', 90.83333333333334)
('spiral angle=', 6.461627773592511)
('central angle=', 47.07674445281498)
('length of circular curve =', 330.88702808033025)
('shift of curve =', 0.8536568115234379)
('tangent length =', 278.4161466916694)
('chainage of 1st tangent point =', 871.5838533083306)
('chainage of 2nd tangent point =', 1384.1375480553274)
('chainage of 1st junction point =', 962.417186641664)
('chainage of 2nd junction point =', 1293.3042147219942)

ch-10 page 389 pb-11

In [11]:
from __future__ import division

import math

a=145;
cpi=1580;
de=5;
pi=30;
lct=0.00555;

da=180-a;

r=(1719)/5;

print('radius =',r);

#a

tl=r*(math.tan((da/2)*(math.pi/180)));
print('tangent length =',tl);

#b

cl=(math.pi*r*da)/180;
print('curve length =',cl);

#c

c1t=cpi-tl;
print('chainage of 1st point =',c1t);

#d
c2t=c1t+cl;
print('chainage of 2nd point =',c2t);

#e
lisc=1480-c1t;
print('length of final sub chord =',lisc);
#f
n=6;
ini=30;
cc=1480+(n*30);
print('chainage covered=',cc);
#g
lfsc=c2t-cc;
print('length of final sub chord',lfsc);
#h
dasc=((c2t+100)*lisc)/(r);
print('deflection angle for initial sub chord =',dasc,'min');
#i
dafc=((c2t+100)*pi)/r;
print('deflection angle for full chord',dafc/60,'min');
#j
dafsc=((c2t+100)*lfsc)/r;
print('deflection angle for final sub chord',dafsc/60,'min');

#k

tda=da/2;
print('total deflection angle=',tda);


#l
k=1/(math.cos(tda*(math.pi/180)));
ad=r*(k-1);
print('apex distance =',ad);

vs=r*(1-(math.cos(tda*(math.pi/180))));
print('versed sine of curve =',vs);

('radius =', 343.8)
('tangent length =', 108.39972361659453)
('curve length =', 210.01546889247766)
('chainage of 1st point =', 1471.6002763834056)
('chainage of 2nd point =', 1681.6157452758832)
('length of final sub chord =', 8.399723616594429)
('chainage covered=', 1660)
('length of final sub chord', 21.615745275883228)
('deflection angle for initial sub chord =', 43.52844633883164, 'min')
('deflection angle for full chord', 2.5910642019719075, 'min')
('deflection angle for final sub chord', 1.8669261261094798, 'min')
('total deflection angle=', 17.5)
('apex distance =', 16.6843132234107)
('versed sine of curve =', 15.91211233275958)

ch-10 page 391 pb-1

In [12]:
from __future__ import division

import math
pi=20;
cb=550;
rlb=375.5;
g1=0.5;
g2=-0.7;
#a
vc=((g1-g2)*20)/0.1;

print('length of vertical curve =',vc);

#b,c

ca=cb-(vc/2);
cc=ca+vc;
print('chainage of A',ca);
print('chainage of C',cc);

#d,e,f,g

rla=rlb-((g1*0.5*vc)/100);
rlc=rlb-((-g2*0.5*vc)/100);
rle=0.5*(rla+rlc);
rlf=0.5*(rlb+rle);

print('Rl of A',rla);
print('Rl of C',rlc);
print('Rl of E',rle);
print('Rl of F',rlf);
#h
tc=rlb-rlf;
print('tangent correction at the apex =',tc);

#i
tc1=((g1-g2)*(pi*pi))/(400*0.5*vc);
tc2=((g1-g2)*(2*pi*2*pi))/(400*0.5*vc);
tc3=((g1-g2)*(3*pi*3*pi))/(400*0.5*vc);
tc4=((g1-g2)*(4*pi*4*pi))/(400*0.5*vc);
tc5=((g1-g2)*(5*pi*5*pi))/(400*0.5*vc);
tc6=((g1-g2)*(6*pi*6*pi))/(400*0.5*vc);
print('tangent correction at 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th,6th, points',tc1,tc2,tc3,tc4,tc5,tc6);

#j
rp=(g1*pi)/100;

rl1=rla+rp;
rl2=rl1+rp;
rl3=rl2+rp;
rl4=rl3+rp;
rl5=rl4+rp;
rl6=rl5+rp;
print('RL of the points on grade');
print(rl1,rl2,rl3,rl4,rl5,rl6)

#k
rlc1=rl1-tc1;
rlc2=rl2-(tc2);
rlc3=rl3-(tc3);
rlc4=rl4-(tc4);
rlc5=rl5-(tc5);
rlc6=rl6-(tc6);

print('RL of the points on curve');
print(rlc1,rlc2,rlc3,rlc4,rlc5,rlc6);

#l

fp=0.14;

rlg5=rlb-fp;
rlg4=rlg5-fp;
rlg3=rlg4-fp;
rlg2=rlg3-fp;
rlg1=rlg2-fp;

print('Rls of points on the grade right side');
print(rlg5,rlg4,rlg3,rlg2,rlg1);

('length of vertical curve =', 240.0)
('chainage of A', 430.0)
('chainage of C', 670.0)
('Rl of A', 374.9)
('Rl of C', 374.66)
('Rl of E', 374.78)
('Rl of F', 375.14)
('tangent correction at the apex =', 0.36000000000001364)
('tangent correction at 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th,6th, points', 0.01, 0.04, 0.09, 0.16, 0.25, 0.36)
RL of the points on grade
(375.0, 375.1, 375.20000000000005, 375.30000000000007, 375.4000000000001, 375.5000000000001)
RL of the points on curve
(374.99, 375.06, 375.11000000000007, 375.14000000000004, 375.1500000000001, 375.1400000000001)
Rls of points on the grade right side
(375.36, 375.22, 375.08000000000004, 374.94000000000005, 374.80000000000007)

ch-10 page 393 pb-2

In [13]:
from __future__ import division

import math

cb=400;
rlb=250.5;
pi=30;
g1=-1.0;
g2=0.5;
g=0.1;
ga=20;
#a
vc=(g1-g2)/g;
vc=-vc*ga;
print('length of vertical curve',vc);

#b,c
ca=cb-(0.5*vc);
cc=ca+vc;

#d,e,f,g

rla=rlb+((0.5*vc)/100);

rlc=rlb+((0.5*0.5*vc)/100);

rle=0.5*(rla+rlc);

rlf=0.5*(rle+rlb);

print('RL of A=',rla);
print('RL of C=',rlc);
print('RL of E=',rle);
print('RL of F=',rlf);

#h
fp=pi/100;

rl1=rla-fp;
rl2=rl1-fp;
rl3=rl2-fp;
rl4=rl3-fp;
print('RL on the grade on the side AB ');
print(rl1,rl2,rl3,rl4);

#i

rp=(0.5*pi)/100;

rls4=rlb+rp
rls3=rls4+rp
rls2=rls3+rp
rls1=rls2+rp

print('RL on grade on side BC');
print(rls4,rls3,rls2,rls1);

#j

y1=((g1-g2)*(pi*pi))/(cb*0.5*vc);
y2=((g1-g2)*(2*pi*2*pi))/(cb*0.5*vc);
y3=((g1-g2)*(3*pi*3*pi))/(cb*0.5*vc);
y4=((g1-g2)*(4*pi*4*pi))/(cb*0.5*vc);

print('tangent correction from expression ');
print(y1,y2,y3,y4);

('length of vertical curve', 300.0)
('RL of A=', 252.0)
('RL of C=', 251.25)
('RL of E=', 251.625)
('RL of F=', 251.0625)
RL on the grade on the side AB 
(251.7, 251.39999999999998, 251.09999999999997, 250.79999999999995)
RL on grade on side BC
(250.65, 250.8, 250.95000000000002, 251.10000000000002)
tangent correction from expression 
(-0.0225, -0.09, -0.2025, -0.36)