##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 1 PAGE NO 15
#calculate inclination of slotted bar with vertical
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
##Figure 1.14
import math
pi=3.141
AO=200.## distance between fixed centres in mm
OB1=100.## length of driving crank in mm
AP=400.## length of slotter bar in mm
##====================================
OAB1=math.asin(OB1/AO)*57.3## inclination of slotted bar with vertical in degrees
beeta=(90-OAB1)*2.## angle through which crank turns inreturn stroke in degrees
A=(360.-beeta)/beeta## ratio of time of cutting stroke to the time of return stroke
L=2.*AP*math.sin(90.-beeta/2.)/57.3## length of the stroke in mm
print'%s %.2f %s %.3f %s'%('Inclination of slotted bar with vertical= ',OAB1,' degrees' 'Length of the stroke=',L,' mm')
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 2 PAGE NO 16
#calculate ratio of time taken on the cutting to the return
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
##Figure 1.15
import math
OA=300.## distance between the fixed centres in mm
OB=150.## length of driving crank in mm
##================================
OAB=math.asin(OB/OA)## inclination of slotted bar with vertical in degrees
beeta=(90/57.3-OAB)*2.## angle through which crank turns inreturn stroke in degrees
A=(360/57.3-beeta)/beeta## ratio of time of cutting stroke to the time of return stroke
print'%s %.1f %s'%('Ratio of time taken on the cutting to the return stroke= ',A,'')
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 3 PAGE NO 16
#calculate ratio of time taken on the cutting to the return stroke
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
##Figure 1.16
import math
OB=54.6/57.3## distance between the fixed centres in mm
OA=85./57.3## length of driving crank in mm
OA2=OA
CA=160.## length of slotted lever in mm
CD=144.## length of connectin rod in mm
##================================
beeta=2.*(math.cos(OB/OA2))## angle through which crank turns inreturn stroke in degrees
A=(360/57.3-beeta)/beeta## ratio of time of cutting stroke to the time of return stroke
print'%s %.1f %s'%('Ratio of time taken on the cutting to the return stroke= ',A,'')
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 4 PAGE NO 17
#calculate velocity position and Angular velocity connection
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
##Figure 1.18,1.19
import math
pi=3.141
Nao=180.## speed of the crank in rpm
wAO=2.*pi*Nao/60.## angular speed of the crank in rad/s
AO=.5## crank length in m
AE=.5
Vao=wAO*AO## velocity of A in m/s
##================================
Vb1=8.15## velocity of piston B in m/s by measurment from figure 1.19
Vba=6.8## velocity of B with respect to A in m/s
AB=2## length of connecting rod in m
wBA=Vba/AB## angular velocity of the connecting rod BA in rad/s
ae=AE*Vba/AB## velocity of point e on the connecting rod
oe=8.5## by measurement velocity of point E
Do=.05## diameter of crank shaft in m
Da=.06## diameter of crank pin in m
Db=.03## diameter of cross head pin B m
V1=wAO*Do/2.## velocity of rubbing at the pin of the crankshaft in m/s
V2=wBA*Da/2.## velocity of rubbing at the pin of the crank in m/s
Vb=(wAO+wBA)*Db/2.## velocity of rubbing at the pin of cross head in m/s
ag=5.1## by measurement
AG=AB*ag/Vba## position and linear velocity of point G on the connecting rod in m
##===============================
print'%s %.3f %s %.3f %s %.3f %s %.3f %s %.3f %s %.3f %s %.3f %s'%('Velocity of piston B=',Vb1,' m/s''Angular velocity of connecting rod= ',wBA,' rad/s''velocity of point E=',oe,' m/s'' velocity of rubbing at the pin of the crankshaft=',V1,' m/s' 'velocity of rubbing at the pin of the crank =',V2,' m/s''velocity of rubbing at the pin of cross head =',Vb,' m/s''position and linear velocity of point G on the connecting rod=',AG,' m')
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 5 PAGE NO 19
#calculate linear velocity at various point
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
##Figure 1.20,1.21
import math
pi=3.141
N=120.## speed of crank in rpm
OA=10.## length of crank in cm
BP=48.## from figure 1.20 in cm
BA=40.## from figure 1.20 in cm
##==============
w=2.*pi*N/60.## angular velocity of the crank OA in rad/s
Vao=w*OA## velocity of ao in cm/s
ba=4.5## by measurement from 1.21 in cm
Bp=BP*ba/BA
op=6.8## by measurement in cm from figure 1.21
s=20.## scale of velocity diagram 1cm=20cm/s
Vp=op*s## linear velocity of P in m/s
ob=5.1## by measurement in cm from figure 1.21
Vb=ob*s## linear velocity of slider B
print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s'%('Linear velocity of slider B= ',Vb,' cm/s''Linear velocity of point P= ',Vp,' cm/s')
#calculate angular velocity at various points
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 6 PAGE NO 20
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
##Figure 1.22,1.23
import math
pi=3.141
AB=6.25## length of link AB in cm
BC=17.5## length of link BC in cm
CD=11.25## length of link CD in cm
DA=20.## length of link DA in cm
CE=10.
N=100.## speed of crank in rpm
##========================
wAB=2.*pi*N/60.## angular velocity of AB in rad/s
Vb=wAB*AB## linear velocity of B with respect to A
s=15.## scale for velocity diagram 1 cm= 15 cm/s
dc=3.## by measurement in cm
Vcd=dc*s
wCD=Vcd/CD## angular velocity of link CD in rad/s
bc=2.5## by measurement in cm
Vbc=bc*s
wBC=Vbc/BC## angular velocity of link BC in rad/s
ce=bc*CE/BC
ae=3.66## by measurement in cm
Ve=ae*s## velocity of point E 10 from c on the link BC
af=2.94## by measurement in cm
Vf=af*s## velocity of point F
print'%s %.3f %s %.3f %s %.3f %s %.3f %s'%('The angular velocity of link CD= ',wCD,' rad/s'' The angular velocity of link BC= ',wBC,'rad/s'' velocity of point E 10 from c on the link BC= ',Ve,' cm/s' ' velocity of point F= ',Vf,' cm/s')
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 7 PAGE NO 21
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
#calculate Linear velocity slider and angular velocity of link
##Figure 1.24,1.25
import math
pi=3.141
Noa=600## speed of the crank in rpm
OA=2.8## length of link OA in cm
AB=4.4## length of link AB in cm
BC=4.9## length of link BC in cm
BD=4.6## length of link BD in cm
##=================
wOA=2.*pi*Noa/60.## angular velocity of crank in rad/s
Vao=wOA*OA## The linear velocity of point A with respect to oin m/s
s=50.## scale of velocity diagram in cm
od=2.95## by measurement in cm from figure
Vd=od*s/100.## linear velocity slider in m/s
bd=3.2## by measurement in cm from figure
Vbd=bd*s
wBD=Vbd/BD## angular velocity of link BD
print'%s %.1f %s %.1f %s '%('linear velocity slider D= ',Vd,' m/s' 'angular velocity of link BD= ',wBD,' rad/s')
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 8 PAGE NO 22
#calculate Angular velocity of link CD
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
import math
pi=3.141
Noa=60.## speed of crank in rpm
OA=30.## length of link OA in cm
AB=100.## length of link AB in cm
CD=80.## length of link CD in cm
##AC=CB
##================
wOA=2.*pi*Noa/60.## angular velocity of crank in rad/s
Vao=wOA*OA/100.## linear velocity of point A with respect to O
s=50.## scale for velocity diagram 1 cm= 50 cm/s
ob=3.4## by measurement in cm from figure 1.27
od=.9## by measurement in cm from figure 1.27
Vcd=160.## by measurement in cm/s from figure 1.27
wCD=Vcd/CD## angular velocity of link in rad/s
print'%s %.d %s'%('Angular velocity of link CD= ',wCD,' rad/s')
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 9 PAGE NO 23
#calculate velcity of Ram and anugular velocity of link and velocity of slidingof the block
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
##Figure 1.28,1.29
import math
pi=3.141
Nao=120.## speed of the crank in rpm
OQ=10.## length of link OQ in cm
OA=20.## length of link OA in cm
QC=15.## length of link QC in cm
CD=50.## length oflink CD in cm
##=============
wOA=2.*pi*Nao/60.## angular speed of crank in rad/s
Vad=wOA*OA/100.## velocity of pin A in m/s
BQ=41.## from figure 1.29
BC=26.## from firure 1.29
bq=4.7## from figure 1.29
bc=bq*BC/BQ## from figure 1.29 in cm
s=50.## scale for velocity diagram in cm/s
od=1.525## velocity vector od in cm from figure 1.29
Vd=od*s## velocity of ram D in cm/s
dc=1.925## velocity vector dc in cm from figure 1.29
Vdc=dc*s## velocity of link CD in cm/s
wCD=Vdc/CD## angular velocity of link CD in cm/s
ba=1.8## velocity vector of sliding of the block in cm
Vab=ba*s## velocity of sliding of the block in cm/s
print'%s %.3f %s %.2f %s %.1f %s '%('Velocity of RAM D= ',Vd,' cm/s''angular velocity of link CD= ',wCD,' rad/s'' velocity of sliding of the block= ',Vab,' cm/s')
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 10 PAGE NO 24
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
#calculate linear velocity abd radial component of accerlation and anugular velocity of connecting rod and anugular accerlation of connecting rod
##Figure 1.30(a),1.30(b),1.30(c)
import math
pi=3.141
Nao=300.## speed of crank in rpm
AO=.15## length of crank in m
BA=.6## length of connecting rod in m
##===================
wAO=2.*pi*Nao/60.## angular velocity of link in rad/s
Vao=wAO*AO## linear velocity of A with respect to 'o'
ab=3.4## length of vector ab by measurement in m/s
Vba=ab
ob=4.## length of vector ob by measurement in m/s
oc=4.1## length of vector oc by measurement in m/s
fRao=Vao**2./AO## radial component of acceleration of A with respect to O
fRba=Vba**2./BA## radial component of acceleration of B with respect to A
wBA=Vba/BA## angular velocity of connecting rod BA
fTba=103.## by measurement in m/s**2
alphaBA=fTba/BA## angular acceleration of connecting rod BA
print'%s %.1f %s %.1f %s %.1f %s %.1f %s %.1f %s '%('linear velocity of A with respect to O= ',Vao,' m/s''radial component of acceleration of A with respect to O= ',fRao,' m/s**2'' radial component of acceleration of B with respect to A=',fRba,' m/s**2'' angular velocity of connecting rod B= ',wBA,' rad/s'' angular acceleration of connecting rod BA= ',alphaBA,' rad/s**2')
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 11 PAGE NO 26
#calcualte Angular accerlation at various point
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
##Figure 1.31(a),1.31(b),1.31(c)
import math
pi=3.141
wAP=10.## angular velocity of crank in rad/s
P1A=30.## length of link P1A in cm
P2B=36.## length of link P2B in cm
AB=36.## length of link AB in cm
P1P2=60.## length of link P1P2 in cm
AP1P2=60.## crank inclination in degrees
alphaP1A=30.## angulare acceleration of crank P1A in rad/s**2
##=====================================
Vap1=wAP*P1A/100.## linear velocity of A with respect to P1 in m/s
Vbp2=2.2## velocity of B with respect to P2 in m/s(measured from figure )
Vba=2.06## velocity of B with respect to A in m/s(measured from figure )
wBP2=Vbp2/(P2B*100.)## angular velocity of P2B in rad/s
wAB=Vba/(AB*100.)## angular velocity of AB in rad/s
fAB1=alphaP1A*P1A/100.## tangential component of the acceleration of A with respect to P1 in m/s**2
frAB1=Vap1**2./(P1A/100.)## radial component of the acceleration of A with respect to P1 in m/s**2
frBA=Vba**2./(AB/100.)## radial component of the acceleration of B with respect to B in m/s**2
frBP2=Vbp2**2./(P2B/100.)## radial component of the acceleration of B with respect to P2 in m/s**2
ftBA=13.62## tangential component of B with respect to A in m/s**2(measured from figure)
ftBP2=26.62## tangential component of B with respect to P2 in m/s**2(measured from figure)
alphaBP2=ftBP2/(P2B/100.)## angular acceleration of P2B in m/s**2
alphaBA=ftBA/(AB/100.)## angular acceleration of AB in m/s**2
##==========================
print'%s %.1f %s %.1f %s'%('Angular acceleration of P2B=',alphaBP2,' rad/s**2''angular acceleration of AB =',alphaBA,' rad/s**2')
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 12 PAGE NO 28
#calculate velocities at various point
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
##Figure 1.32(a),1.32(b),1.32(c)
import math
PI=3.141
AB=12.## length of link AB in cm
BC=48.## length of link BC in cm
CD=18.## length of link CD in cm
DE=36.## length of link DE in cm
EF=12.## length of link EF in cm
FP=36.## length of link FP in cm
Nba=200.## roating speed of link BA IN rpm
wBA=2*PI*200./60.## Angular velocity of BA in rad/s
Vba=wBA*AB/100.## linear velocity of B with respect to A in m/s
Vc=2.428## velocity of c in m/s from diagram 1.32(b)
Vd=2.36## velocity of D in m/s from diagram 1.32(b)
Ve=1## velocity of e in m/s from diagram 1.32(b)
Vf=1.42## velocity of f in m/s from diagram 1.32(b)
Vcb=1.3## velocity of c with respect to b in m/s from figure
fBA=Vba**2.*100./AB## radial component of acceleration of B with respect to A in m/s**2
fCB=Vcb**2*100./BC## radial component of acceleration of C with respect to B in m/s**2
fcb=3.52## radial component of acceleration of C with respect to B in m/s**2 from figure
fC=19.## acceleration of slider in m/s**2 from figure
print'%s %.1f %s %.1f %s %.1f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s'%('velocity of c=',Vc,' m/s''velocity of d=',Vd,' m/s''velocity of e=',Ve,' m/s'' velocity of f=',Vf,' m/s''Acceleration of slider=',Vc,' m/s**2')
##CHAPTER 1 ILLUSRTATION 13 PAGE NO 30
#caculate angular acceleration at varoius points
##TITLE:Basic kinematics
##Figure 1.33(a),1.33(b),1.33(c)
import math
PI=3.141
N=120.## speed of the crank OC in rpm
OC=5.## length of link OC in cm
cp=20.## length of link CP in cm
qa=10.## length of link QA in cm
pa=5.## length of link PA in cm
CP=46.9## velocity of link CP in cm/s
QA=58.3## velocity of link QA in cm/s
Pa=18.3## velocity of link PA in cm/s
Vc=2.*PI*N*OC/60.## velocity of C in m/s
Cco=Vc**2./OC## centripetal acceleration of C relative to O in cm/s**2
Cpc=CP**2./cp## centripetal acceleration of P relative to C in cm/s**2
Caq=QA**2./qa## centripetal acceleration of A relative to Q in cm/s**2
Cap=Pa**2./pa## centripetal acceleration of A relative to P in cm/s**2
pp1=530.
a1a=323.
a2a=207.5
ACP=pp1/cp## angular acceleration of link CP in rad/s**2
APA=a1a/qa## angular acceleration of link PA in rad/s**2
AAQ=a2a/pa## angular acceleration of link AQ in rad/s**2
print'%s %.3f %s %.3f %s %.3f %s'%('angular acceleration of link CP =',ACP,' rad/s**2'' angular acceleration of link CP=',APA,' rad/s**2''angular acceleration of link CP=',AAQ,' rad/s**2')