Chapter 34 Semiconductor devices

Example 34.1 Page no 932

In [3]:
#Given
E=3                       #V
Vd=0.7
R=100.0

#Calculation
V=E-Vd
I=V/R

#Result
print"Current in the circuit is",I*10**3,"mA"

Current in the circuit is 23.0 mA

Example 34.2 Page no 932

In [8]:
#Given
E=1.5                          #V
Vd=0.5
P=0.1                           #W

#Calculation
I=P/Vd
V=E-Vd
R=V/I

#Result
print"Value of resistance is",R,"ohm"

Value of resistance is 5.0 ohm

Example 34.3 Page no 932

In [11]:
#Given
E=9                             #V
Vz=6                             #V
Rl=1000.0                          #ohm
R=100.0                            #ohm

#Calculation
V=E-Vz
I=V/R
Il=Vz/Rl
Iz=I-Il
Pz=Vz*Iz

#Result
print"Power dissipated in zener diode is",Pz,"watt"

Power dissipated in zener diode is 0.144 watt

Example 34.4 Page no 932

In [22]:
#Given
E0=50                              #V
S=2.0

#Calculation
import math
E1=50/math.sqrt(S)                 #V
V=math.sqrt(E1**2/S)
V1=(S*E0/math.pi)/S

#Result
print"(a) The r.m.s. voltage across Rl is",V,"V"
print"(b) Reading of a d.c voltametre connected across Rl is",round(V1,2),"V"

(a) The r.m.s. voltage across Rl is 25.0 V
(b) Reading of a d.c voltametre connected across Rl is 15.92 V

Example 34.5 Page no 933

In [27]:
#Given
A=0.96
Ie=7.2                             #mA

#Calculation
Ic=A*Ie
Ib=Ie-Ic

#Result
print"The base current is",round(Ib,2),"mA"

The base current is 0.29 mA

Example 34.6 Page no 933

In [12]:
#Given
B=70
Ie=8.8                          #mA
Ib=1.0
Ic=70.0

#Calculation
Ib1=Ie/(Ic+Ib)
Ic1=Ic*Ib1
A=Ic/(Ic+Ib)

#Result
print"The collector current is",round(Ib1,3),"mA"
print"The base current is",round(Ic1,2),"mA"
print"Current gain is",round(A,3)

The collector current is 0.124 mA
The base current is 8.68 mA
Current gain is 0.986

Example 34.7 Page no 933

In [29]:
#Given
Ib=105*10**-6                       #A
Ic=2.05*10**-3                      #A
Ib1=27*10**-6                       #A
Ic1=650*10**-6                      #A

#Calculation
B=Ic/Ib
Ie=Ib+Ic
A=Ic/Ie
Bac=Ic1/Ib1

#Result
print"(a) The value of B is",round(B,1),",Value of Ie is",Ie*10**3,"*10**-3 A","and Value of A is",round(A,2)
print"(b) The value of Bac is",round(Bac,2)

(a) The value of B is 19.5 ,Value of Ie is 2.155 *10**-3 A and Value of A is 0.95
(b) The value of Bac is 24.07

Example 34.8 Page no 933

In [39]:
#Given
Ie=7.89*10**-3                  #A
Ic=7.8*10**-3                   #A

#Calculation
A=Ic/Ie
B=A/(1-A)
Ib=Ic/B

#Result
print"change in the base current is",Ib,"A"

change in the base current is 9e-05 A

Example 34.9 Page no 933

In [47]:
#Given
Ib=20.0*10**-6                    #A
Vbe=0.02                        #V
Ic=2*10**-3                     #A
Rl=5000                           #ohm

#Calculation
P=Vbe/Ib
B=Ic/Ib
Gm=Ic/Vbe
Q=(Rl*Ic)/Vbe

#Result
print"(a) The input resistance Bac is",P,"ohm","and transconductance of the transister is",Gm,"ohm**-1"
print"(b) The voltage gain of the amplifier is",Q

(a) The input resistance Bac is 1000.0 ohm and transconductance of the transister is 0.1 ohm**-1
(b) The voltage gain of the amplifier is 500.0

Example 34.10 Page no 933

In [41]:
#Given
Ib=15*10**-6                      #A
Ic=2*10**-3                       #A
R=665.0                           #ohm
Rl=5*10**3                        #ohm

#Calculation
B=Ic/Ib
Gm=B/R
Av=Gm*Rl

#Result 
print"(i) Current gain is",round(B,1)
print"(ii) Transconductance is",round(Gm,1),"ohm**-1"
print"(iii) Voltage gain Av of the amplifier is",round(Av,0)

(i) Current gain is 133.3
(ii) Transconductance is 0.2 ohm**-1
(iii) Voltage gain Av of the amplifier is 1003.0

Example 34.11 Page no 934

In [84]:
#Given
B=100.0
Vcc=24                     #V
Ic=1.5*10**-3              #A
Rc=4.7*10**3
Rb=220*10**3

#Calculation
Ib=Ic/B
Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)
Vbe=Vcc-(Ib*Rb)
Vbc=(Ic*Rc)-(Ib*Rb)

#Result
print"The value of Ib is",Ib,"A"
print"The value of Vce is",Vce,"V"
print"The value of Vbe is",Vbe,"V"
print"The value of Vbc is",Vbc,"V"
print"The transistor is in saturation state" 

The value of Ib is 1.5e-05 A
The value of Vce is 16.95 V
The value of Vbe is 20.7 V
The value of Vbc is 3.75 V
The transistor is in saturation state

Example 34.15 Page no 935

In [148]:
#Given
Vb=5                         #V
I=10**3                      #A
Q=0.7
I1=5*10**-3
Vb1=6                         #V
R0=1000                      #ohm
I3=10**-3                    #A

#Calculation
R=(Vb-Q)*I
R1=(R*10**-3)/I1
R3=(Vb1-Q)/I1
R4=I1**2*R3
R5=Q*I1
Vz=(I3*R0)+Q

#Result
print"(a) The maximum value of R is",R*10**-3,"10**3","ohm"
print"(b) The value of R is",R1,"ohm"
print"(c) The power dissipated across R is",R4*10**3,"10**-3","ohm","and across diode is",R5*10**3,"10**-3 W"
print"(d) The maximum voltage Vb is",Vz,"V"

(a) The maximum value of R is 4.3 10**3 ohm
(b) The value of R is 860.0 ohm
(c) The power dissipated across R is 26.5 10**-3 ohm and across diode is 3.5 10**-3 W
(d) The maximum voltage Vb is 1.7 V

Example 34.16 Page no 935

In [16]:
#Given
I0=5*10**-12                      #A
K=8.6*10**-5                      #eVK**-1
Q=1.6*10**-19                     #J K**-1
V=0.6                             #volts
V1=0.7                             #volts
A=23.256
A1=27.132

#Calculation
import math
I=-I0*(Q*V/math.exp(K*Q)-1)
Z=I*(math.exp(A)-1)
I1=-I0*(Q*V1/math.exp(K*Q)-1)
Z1=I1*(math.exp(A1)-1)
S=Z1-Z
V2=V1-V
J=V2/S

#Result
print"(a) The forward current at a forward voltage is",round(Z,4),"A"
print"(b) The voltage across the diode is",round(S,4),"A"
print"(c) The dynamic resistance is",round(J,4),"ohm"
print"(d) For change in votage from 1V to 2V,the current will remain equal to",I0,"A"

(a) The forward current at a forward voltage is 0.0629 A
(b) The voltage across the diode is 2.9727 A
(c) The dynamic resistance is 0.0336 ohm
(d) For change in votage from 1V to 2V,the current will remain equal to 5e-12 A

Example 34.17 Page no 936

In [28]:
#Given
Vbe=24*10**-3                      #V
Ib=32*10**-6                       #A
Ic=3.6*10**-3                      #A
Rl=4.8*10**3

#Calculation
B=Ic/Ib
Rbe=Vbe/Ib
Gm=Ic/Vbe
Av=(Rl*Ic)/Vbe

#Result
print"(i) The current gain is",B
print"(ii) The input resistance Rbe is",Rbe,"ohm"
print"(iii) The transconductance Gm is",Gm,"S"
print"(iv) Voltage gain Av is",Av

(i) The current gain is 112.5
(ii) The input resistance Rbe is 750.0 ohm
(iii) The transconductance Gm is 0.15 S
(iv) Voltage gain Av is 720.0